Neuroanatomy research group

Neuroanatomy research group Medical education on Neurosurgery

23/01/2026

101 Neurovascular course

Microsurgery Microvascular anastomosis course

Ongoing now ๐Ÿ›œ

16/01/2026

Precourse vedio lecture

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜€๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐— ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐—ฎ๐—ฟ ๐—”๐—ป๐—ฎ๐˜€๐˜๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ผ๐˜€๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—–๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐˜€๐—ฒ
January 23 and 24, 2026

Precision matters.... โžช๐Ÿง External Ventricular Drain (๐—˜๐—ฉ๐——) insertion is all about surface landmarks: - ๐—˜ntery point.- ๐—งraj...
11/01/2026

Precision matters.... โžช๐Ÿง 

External Ventricular Drain (๐—˜๐—ฉ๐——) insertion is all about surface landmarks:
- ๐—˜ntery point.
- ๐—งrajectory.
- ๐—ฉ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐—น๐—ฎ๐—ฟ - Target.

๐—ฅespecting ventricular anatomyโ€”small angles, big consequences.

Chronic Subdural Hematoma (cSDH)๐™’๐™๐™–๐™ฉ ๐™จ๐™ช๐™ง๐™œ๐™ž๐™˜๐™–๐™ก ๐™›๐™–๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ค๐™ง๐™จ increases the recurrence rate?1๏ธโƒฃ Postoperative drain  Drain vs. N...
29/12/2025

Chronic Subdural Hematoma (cSDH)
๐™’๐™๐™–๐™ฉ ๐™จ๐™ช๐™ง๐™œ๐™ž๐™˜๐™–๐™ก ๐™›๐™–๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ค๐™ง๐™จ increases the recurrence rate?

1๏ธโƒฃ Postoperative drain
Drain vs. No Drain.
2๏ธโƒฃ Subdural vs Subperiosteal (subgaleal) drains.
3๏ธโƒฃ Beriod of leaving drain 24 h vs. 48 h.
4๏ธโƒฃ Irrigation vs No irrigation.
5๏ธโƒฃ Body-temperature irrigation vs room-temperature irrigation.
6๏ธโƒฃ Drain trajectory (posterior vs Anterior.
7๏ธโƒฃ Twist-drill versus burr-hole.
8๏ธโƒฃ One burr-hole vs two burr-holes.
9๏ธโƒฃ Craniotomy vs burr-hole.
๐Ÿ”Ÿ Septations removal vs Non-removal.

What is the evidence says ๐Ÿค”
Answer to fllow โ˜๏ธŽ

The ๐—–๐—ถ๐—ฟ๐—ฐ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—ช๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐˜€... เฐŒ๏ธŽ. Not just an anatomical ring ! it is a promise. เฐŒ๏ธŽ.  A promise that when one road falters, an...
26/12/2025

The ๐—–๐—ถ๐—ฟ๐—ฐ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—ช๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐˜€...
เฐŒ๏ธŽ. Not just an anatomical ring ! it is a promise.
เฐŒ๏ธŽ. A promise that when one road falters, another will rise to carry life forward.

๐Ÿง  Dissection แต‡สธ แต—สฐแต‰ โฟแต‰แต˜สณแต’แตƒโฟแตƒแต—แต’แตสธ สณแต‰แตƒหขแตƒสณแถœสฐ ๐—ดสณแต’แต˜แต–

25/12/2025

Microsurgery Microvascular anastomosis ๐—–๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐˜€๐—ฒ..

Details to be announced. ๐‘†๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘ฆ ๐‘‡๐‘ข๐‘›๐‘’๐‘‘.

๐Ÿง  ๐—•๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐—”๐—ฏ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐˜€๐—ฑ โ€“ Key Points !แถ แต’แถœแตƒหก โฑโฟแต—สณแตƒแถœสณแตƒโฟโฑแตƒหก โฑโฟแถ แต‰แถœแต—โฑแต’โฟ1- ๐—ฆ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ: sinusitis, mastoiditis/otitis, hematogenous spread...
20/12/2025

๐Ÿง  ๐—•๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐—”๐—ฏ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐˜€๐—ฑ โ€“ Key Points !
แถ แต’แถœแตƒหก โฑโฟแต—สณแตƒแถœสณแตƒโฟโฑแตƒหก โฑโฟแถ แต‰แถœแต—โฑแต’โฟ
1- ๐—ฆ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ: sinusitis, mastoiditis/otitis, hematogenous spread, trauma, post-op.
2- ๐—Ÿ๐—ผ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป๐˜€: frontal & temporal lobes.
3- ๐—ฆ๐˜†๐—บ๐—ฝ๐˜๐—ผ๐—บ๐˜€: headache, fever, focal deficits (classic triad is uncommon)
4- Common ๐—ข๐—ฟ๐—ด๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ถ๐˜€๐—บ๐˜€: streptococci & staphylococci
5- ๐——๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—ด๐—ป๐—ผ๐˜€๐—ถ๐˜€: CT with contrast + MRI (DWI is key)
6- ๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ฎ๐—ด๐—ฒ๐˜€: cerebritis โ†’ capsule formation.
7- ๐—ง๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—บ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜: IV antibiotics ยฑ stereotactic aspiration or excision.
8- ๐—ข๐˜‚๐˜๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ฒ: many recover well, but mortality remains significant

#โฟแต‰แต˜สณแต’แตƒโฟแตƒแต—แต’แตสธ สณแต‰หขแต‰แตƒสณแถœสฐ แตสณแต’แต˜แต–



๐—•๐—ฅ๐—”๐—œ๐—ก๐—ฆ๐—ง๐—˜๐— : ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฅ๐˜‚๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—™๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟแตแต’แต›แต‰แตแต‰โฟแต—หข แต’แถ  แต—สฐแต‰ แต‰สธแต‰หข แตƒโฟแตˆ แต—สฐแต‰ แต—แต’โฟแตแต˜แต‰ !(๐Ÿ‘€ ,  ๐Ÿ‘… and the ๐Ÿง )The movement of the eyes and tongue i...
20/11/2025

๐—•๐—ฅ๐—”๐—œ๐—ก๐—ฆ๐—ง๐—˜๐— : ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฅ๐˜‚๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—™๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ
แตแต’แต›แต‰แตแต‰โฟแต—หข แต’แถ  แต—สฐแต‰ แต‰สธแต‰หข แตƒโฟแตˆ แต—สฐแต‰ แต—แต’โฟแตแต˜แต‰ !
(๐Ÿ‘€ , ๐Ÿ‘… and the ๐Ÿง )

The movement of the eyes and tongue is controlled by ๐—™๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ pure motor cranial nerves.
- The oculomotor (๐˜พ๐™‰ III).
- The trochlear (๐˜พ๐™‰ IV).
- The abducens (๐˜พ๐™‰ VI).
- The hypoglossal (๐˜พ๐™‰ XII).

* All four neuclei are located in the midline.
* All four nerves embrologicaly are somatic motor origin.
* All are pure motor and voluntary movement.

All are connected through internal fibers for better coordination of the eyes and tongue movement.

๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—ณ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฒ: Bafaquh M: A potential new brainstem reflex: The oculoglossal phenomenon. Surg Neurol Int. 2021 Aug 3;12:388. doi: 10.25259/SNI_334_2021. PMID: 34513155; PMCID: PMC8422429.

Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (๐—”๐—ฉ๐— ) AVM Embolization: Pre- and Post-Treatment Angiographic ComparisonThe left pane...
19/11/2025

Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (๐—”๐—ฉ๐— ) AVM Embolization: Pre- and Post-Treatment Angiographic Comparison

The left panel demonstrates a grade II cerebral AVM consisting of multiple ๐— ๐—–๐—” feeding arteries, a compact nidus, and an early opacified draining vein, indicating high-flow arteriovenous shunting and absence of a normal capillary bed.
- Such hemodynamic stress predisposes to rupture and intracranial hemorrhage.

- Endovascular embolization was performed via superselective microcatheterization of the arterial feeders, followed by controlled injection of ๐—ข๐—ป๐˜†๐˜… 18โ€”a low-viscosity ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer formulationโ€”allowing deep nidus pe*******on and cohesive filling while minimizing reflux.

- The right panel, obtained post-embolization, reveals near-complete angiographic obliteration of the nidus and restoration of normal cerebral venous drainage patterns.

This illustrates the efficacy of liquid embolic agents in achieving durable flow reduction and preparing the lesion for potential surgical resection or stereotactic radiosurgery.

A carotidโ€“cavernous fistula (CCF) ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐—ป๐—ท๐˜‚๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ธ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐˜„ !- Abnormal connection between the carotid arterial system a...
17/11/2025

A carotidโ€“cavernous fistula (CCF) ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐—ป๐—ท๐˜‚๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐˜ƒ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ธ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐˜„ !

- Abnormal connection between the carotid arterial system and the cavernous sinus, leading to high-flow shunting of arterial blood into the venous system.
- This elevated venous pressure causes congestion of the orbital veins, resulting in classic ocular findings such as:
* pulsatile proptosis
* chemosis
* conjunctival arterialization, often described as โ€œ๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ธ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐˜„โ€ vessels.
^ These twisting, engorged conjunctival vessels reflect the high-flow state and impaired venous drainage seen in CCFs.

The Neuroanatomy Research Group is launching a series of oral mock exam sessions this Saturday (November 15, 2025) ๐Ÿง โœจA t...
13/11/2025

The Neuroanatomy Research Group is launching a series of oral mock exam sessions this Saturday (November 15, 2025) ๐Ÿง โœจ

A targeted group of participants has already been arrangedโ€”get ready for focused, high-yield preparation. ๐Ÿ“š๐Ÿ”ฅ

Full review of a Neurosurgical condition in one slide๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ’ซ

Brain Medial view of the deep structures - The ๐—”๐—ป๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—–๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—”๐—ฟ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜† (AChA) and the ๐—›๐—›๐—› ๐˜€๐˜†๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ฒDissection demonstra...
10/11/2025

Brain Medial view of the deep structures - The ๐—”๐—ป๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—–๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—”๐—ฟ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜† (AChA) and the ๐—›๐—›๐—› ๐˜€๐˜†๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ฒ

Dissection demonstrates the anterior choroidal artery (AChA) arising from the internal carotid artery (ICA).
The AChA courses posterolaterally beneath the ๐—จ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐˜‚๐˜€, supplying the following:
1- Optic tract.
2- Posterior limb of the internal capsule.
3- Globus pallidus.
4- Lateral geniculate body.
5- Chroid plexus.

Classic ๐—”๐—–๐—ต๐—” ๐—ฆ๐˜†๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ฒ "๐—›๐—›๐—›" (Triad):
- described by Foix and Charcot-

1. Contralateral ๐—›emiplegia โ€“ corticospinal fibers in the posterior limb of the internal capsule.
2. Contralateral ๐—›emisensory loss โ€“ damage to thalamocortical sensory fibers traversing the same region.
3. Contralateral ๐—›omonymous hemianopia โ€“ from ischemia of the optic tract or lateral geniculate body.



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