18/12/2022
Teaching Methods and Techniques:
Learning is an active process, in which the students and teachers have to work mutually to make this knowledge-sharing process enjoyable and easier for comprehension. For effective learning, teaching should facilitate development of analytical approaches to a problem and address critical areas. Students should be able to use knowledge and skills obtained in the class to satisfy their professional goals while being equipped with different learning styles and having the opportunity for feedback and discussions on their learning process thereby enhancing students’ learning effects. Thus, it becomes essential to utilise an approach to teaching and learning that best meets the specific needs of the students. For this reason, modern education systems should encompass multiple alternative teaching and learning strategies which are well validated and applicable to a typical classroom setting in medical school.
What are the different techniques of medical education?
1. Lecturing:
Lecturing is a traditional teaching method. In the lecturing method, professor speaks more or less in class without interruption. Students listen to the professor's notes or copy them; then, they think about his/her words, but they do not talk to him. Ultimately, a few questions and answers may be exchanged between students and the professor; however, these questions and answers are meant to clarify the point and are not discussed.
2. Group discussions:
The method of discussion in small groups is more influential than the traditional method of lecturing in terms of learning, interest and satisfaction of students, as well as encouragement to participate in discussions. In contrast to the lecture method, group discussion has some advantages such as active and profound learning compared to lecturing.
3. Collaborative learning methods:
A collaborative learning model involves working with peers to produce a group product; it often creates a sort of labor’s division among the collaborators of the group, provided that they combine collective goals with their own responsibility.This means that each member of the group is responsible for his/her contribution to the goals of education.
4. Problem-solving methods:
Here the student faces a problem raised by the professor and must solve it based on the required skills and knowledge as well as his own experiences and the study of the related issues. The method of solving the problem improves the student's inner motivation and increases the quality of sustained learning and training.
5. Electronic learning:
E-learning is any kind of learning or education that is supported by the electronic method including the Internet, satellite, television and other related subjects, which enhance and support training and learning between the teacher and the learner, using electronic contents. This method is one of the most important methods of modern education. The value of e-learning is that it allows students to use the information they want calmly and in their free time, in their place of residence and create a virtual classroom for themselves.
6. Clinical education:
Clinical education is one of the most important parts of the training of physicians, which forms a major and vital part of educating skilled and professional people; the value of an ideal clinical education is in the role played by personal and professional development as well as clinical skills of students. In this regard, the promotion of clinical education is one of the main concerns of medical education science.
7. Evidence-based Medicine:
By definition, evidence-based medicine means the combination of the clinical experience of a physician with the best available evidence; in other words, evidence-based medicine is the application of the best objective evidence for accurate, informed, and fair decision-making for patients.
This approach to medicine attempts to improve the quality of clinical decision-making by enhancing the ability of questioning, searching skills, selecting the best available evidence and documentation, critically evaluating them, applying the results of analysis and criticizing evidence, improving objectivity of decisions based on valid and up-to-date scientific evidence, reducing the impact of mistakes due to subjective judgment, obsolete information or linear and non-critical inferences of medical knowledge.
Evidence-based medicine is a powerful educational tool or strategy that provides a lifelong learning environment for students and learners who can compensate for the gap between theory and practice in medical science to achieve the highest quality.
8. Simulation-based medical education:
Simulation is the method by which an artificial or subsidiary experience arises that engages the learner in an activity that reflects the real life conditions without the dangerous consequences of a real situation. Simulation-based learning has the potential to engage in behaviours in areas similar to actual performance. Simulation based education focuses on improving apprenticeship skills and evaluating them in clinical skills and techniques, knowledge, communication, teamwork, and the practice of resuscitation code performance.
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