Alhakeem medical laboratory

08/06/2024

05/05/2024

Here are some normal reference ranges for urine RE:

- Color: Yellow or amber

- Clarity: Clear

- Specific gravity: 1.005-1.030

- pH: 4.5-8.0

- Protein:

الجريف شرق

27/10/2023

سمعتوا بي حاجة correction of Na؟ وما أهميتها؟
أولا نحن في المختبرات عندنا correction لي أربعة فحوصات هي Na و Ca و ESR و Reticulocyte
نتحدث الليلة عن correction بتاع Na وليه ومتى بنعملوا؟
لمن يزيد السكر في الدم ويحصل Hyperglycemia بيحصل imbalance between Intracellular and Extracellular fluid
والجلكوز لمن يعلى في Extracellular fluid أكيد حيزيد الضغط الأسموزي فيسحب الماء من داخل الخلية فيحصل تخفيف لحد ما ونحن لمن نجي نقيس Na حنقيسوا في سائل مخفف لحد ما فيطلع أقل من القيمة المفروض تطلع في حالة normoglycemic و وجد الباحثين إنو زيادة 100mg/dl بتقلل Na بمقدار 1.6mmol/l وعملوا معادلة corrcetion وهي كالاتي:
Corrected Na =measured Na +0.016×serum glucose -100
فلازم نعمل RBG لمن نلقى قيمة Na أقل من الطبيعي عشان نعرف نقصان الصوديوم حقيقي لا بسبب hyperglycemia

19/08/2023

Normal range of laboratory parameters

Ammonia: 15-50 µmol/L

Ceruloplasmin: 15-60 mg/dL

Chloride: 95-105 mmol/L

Copper: 70-150 µg/dL

Creatinine: 0.8-1.3 mg/dL

Blood urea nitrogen: 8-21 mg/dL

Ferritin: 12-300 ng/mL (men), 12-150 ng/mL (women)

Glucose: 65-110 mg/dL

Inorganic phosphorous: 1-1.5 mmol/L

Ionized calcium: 1.03-1.23 mmol/L

Magnesium: 1.5-2 mEq/L

Phosphate: 0.8-1.5 mmol/L

Potassium: 3.5-5 mmol/L

Pyruvate: 300-900 µg/dL

Sodium: 135-145 mmol/L

Total calcium: 2-2.6 mmol/L (8.5-10.2 mg/dL)

Total iron-binding capacity: 45-85 µmol/L

Total serum iron: 65-180 µg/dL (men), 30-170 µg/dL (women)

Transferrin: 200-350 mg/dL

Urea: 1.2-3 mmol/L

Uric acid: 0.18-0.48 mmol/L

Zinc: 70-100 µmol/L

Hematology
See the list below:

Hemoglobin: 13-17 g/dL (men), 12-15 g/dL (women)

Hematocrit 40%-52% (men), 36%-47%

Glycosylated hemoglobin 4%-6%

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV): 80-100 fL

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW): 11.5%-14.5%

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH): 0.4-0.5 fmol/cell

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC): 30-35 g/dL

Reticulocytes 0.5%-1.5%

White blood cells (WBC) 4-10 x 10^9/L

Neutrophils: 2-8 x 10^9/L

Bands: < 1 x 10^9/L

Lymphocytes: 1-4 x 10^9/L

Monocytes: 0.2-0.8 x 10^9/L

Eosinophils: < 0.5 x 10^9/L

Platelets: 150-400 x 10^9/L

Prothrombin time: 11-14 sec

International normalized ratio (INR): 0.9-1.2

Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT): 20-40 sec

Fibrinogen: 1.8-4 g/L

Bleeding time: 2-9 min

Lipids
See the list below:

Triglycerides: 50-150 mg/dL

Total cholesterol: 3-5.5 mmol/L

High-density lipoprotein (HDL): 40-80 mg/dL

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL): 85-125 mg/dL

Acid base
See the list below:

pH: 7.35-7.45

Base excess: (-3)-(+3)

H+: 36-44 nmol/L

Partial pressure of oxygen (pO2): 75-100 mm Hg

Oxygen saturation: 96%-100%

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2): 35-45 mm Hg

Bicarbonate (HCO3): 18-22 mmol/L

Gastrointestinal function
See the list below:

Albumin: 35-50 g/L

Alkaline phosphatase: 50-100 U/L

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT): 5-30 U/L

Amylase: 30-125 U/L

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): 5-30 U/L

Direct bilirubin: 0-6 µmol/L

Gamma glutamyl transferase: 6-50 U/L

Lipase: 10-150 U/L

Total bilirubin: 2-20 µmol/L

Total protein: 60-80 g/L

Cardiac enzymes
See the list below:

Creatine kinase: 25-200 U/L

Creatine kinase MB (CKMB): 0-4 ng/mL

Troponin: 0-0.4 ng/mL

Hormones
See the list below:

17 hydroxyprogesterone (female, follicular): 0.2-1 mg/L

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): 4.5-20 pmol/L

Estradiol: 1.5-5 ng/dL (male), 2-14 ng/dL (female, follicular), 2-16 ng/dL (female, luteal), < 3.5 ng/dL (postmenopausal)

Free T3: 0.2-0.5 ng/dL

Free T4: 10-20 pmol/L

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): 1-10 IU/L (male), 1-10 IU/L (female, follicular/luteal), 5-25 IU/L (female, ovulation), 30-110 IU/L (postmenopause)

Growth hormone (fasting) : 0-5 ng/mL

Progesterone: 70-280 (ovulation), ng/dL

Prolactin: < 14 ng/mL

Testosterone (male): 10-25 nmol/L

Thyroxine-binding globulin: 12-30 mg/L

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): 0.5-5 mIU/L

Total T4, adult: 4.9-11.7 mg/dL

Total T3: 0.7-1.5 ng/dL

Free T3: 1.7-3.7 pg/mL

Vitamins
See the list below:

Folate (serum) : 7-36 nmol/L

Vitamin A: 30-65 µg/dL

Vitamin B12: 130-700 ng/L

Vitamin C: 0.4-1.5 mg/dL

Vitamin D: 5-75 ng/mL

Tumor markers
See the list below:

Alpha fetoprotein: 0-44 ng/mL

Beta human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG): < 5 IU/I

CA19.9: < 40 U/mL

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): < 4 ug/L

Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP): 0-3 U/dL

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA): < 4 ug/L

Miscellaneous
See the list below:

Alpha 1-antitrypsin: 20-50 µmol/L

Angiotensin-converting enzyme: 23-57 U/L

C-reactive protein: < 5 mg/L

D-dimer: < 500 ng/mL

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): Less than age/2 mm/hour

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): 50-150 U/L

Lead: < 40 µg/dL

Rheumatoid factor: < 25 IU/ml

الجريف شرق

16/08/2023

أسئلة أخرى correct ESR for anaemia
ESR levels were corrected using Fabry's formula (corrected ESR = measured ESR × 15 / [55‐Hct]) for the samples whose Hct levels were

15/08/2023

الملاريا ما بحسوها
الملاريا بفحصوها

15/08/2023

What is a D-dimer test?
A D-dimer test is a blood test that checks for blood-clotting problems.

This test measures the amount of D-dimer, a protein your body makes to break down blood clots.

Why would I need a D-dimer test?
Your doctor might ask you to have this test if you have symptoms of blood clotting problems.

A D-dimer test may be used as part of the assessment for different problems including:

deep vein thrombosis (DVT) — a blood clot in your deep veins, usually in the legs
pulmonary embolism — a blood clot in an artery in your lungs
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) — a condition that stops your blood from clotting normally
blood clotting caused by a snake bite
thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) — a very rare blood clotting condition
A D-dimer test is commonly used to rule out problems such as DVT.

If you are having treatment for DIC, your doctor may use the D-dimer test to monitor your condition.

How do I prepare for a D-dimer test?
No preparation is needed for this test. A blood sample is usually taken from a vein in your arm.

Understanding your results
A positive test means the D-dimer level in your body is higher than normal. It suggests you might have a blood clot or blood clotting problems.

A normal D-dimer level usually shows that a clotting problem is unlikely.

The D-dimer test is usually used with other blood tests and imaging scans. That’s because the D-dimer test cannot tell where in the body blood clots are or what may have caused them.

Sometimes the D-dimer test can be positive in people without clotting problems. This can happen in:

older people
during pregnancy
if you are a smoker
if you have recently had surgery
D-dimer tests can also be positive in people with other conditions, such as severe infections.

Anticoagulant medicines (used to prevent and treat blood clots) can also affect your D-dimer test results.

It’s important to discuss your results with your doctor, who can explain what the results mean in your situation.