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Health and Care For elderly, Trio, Singapore (2025)

16/04/2023

APPROACH ELDERLY WITH FALL

SIM LOO MENG is 84 years old. She broke her right hip five years ago. she fell while she was moving from her bed, also back in 2008 she suffered from mild stroke and was bedridden for a year. and in 2017 she was diagnosed with dementia but until now she can still walk with the support and assistance of her caregiver. she can’t speak but she can communicate with you with her facial expression and body language.
HISTORY
History plays an important factor when performing an assessment of a patient who has fallen;
BEFORE THE FALL
• Before she fall on her bed she was active doing her work according to her schedule
DURING THE FALL
• SIM LOO MENG was conscious when she fell on her bed
• SIM LOO MENG broke her right hip
AFTER THE FALL
• When SIM LOO MENG fall, her caregiver immediately let the family member know, and she called the ambulance for the emergency assistance
MEDICAL HISTORY
• 2008 SIM LOO MENG HAD A MILD STROKE
• 2017 SIM LOO MENG HAD DEMENTIA
• 2018 SIM LOO MENG BROKE HER RIGHT HIP
SOCIAL HISTORY
• SHE RECENTLY UNDERWENT A RIGHT HIP SURGERY AFTER A FALL FROM BED
• SHE HAS A HISTORY OF AF (ATRIAL FIBRILLATION)
EXAMINATION
• A FULL FORMAL CLERKING SHOULD THEN BE PERFORMED TO ASSES FOR BOTH ANY SIGN OF INJURY AS A RESULT OF THE FALL, BUT ALSO TO GAIN A BETTER UNDERSTANDING INTO POSSIBLE CAUSES.

CARDIOVASCULAR
• PULSE- 77 is REGULAR
• READING BLOOD PRESSURE- 131/73 SITTING POSITION
INVESTAGATION
• DEPRESSION AND DEMENTIA
• FRACTURE RIGHT HIP

09/04/2023

HUMAN FACTORS

WHAT IS HUMAN FACTORS?

We’re all human. We all make mistakes and forget things. Our attention span is limited. We overlook key information when making decisions. We get distracted, bored, tired or preoccupied. We mishear and misunderstand.

These are as much a part of human life as breathing and sleeping. Human factors is concerned with understanding and managing the capabilities and limitations of people. It is the application of scientific knowledge and principles – as well as lessons learned from previous incidents and operational experience – to optimize health, safety, well-being, overall system performance and reliability.

Clearly, we can’t change the human condition, but we can design activities, plant, processes and procedures in such a way that takes into account human imperfections.

“Everyone can make errors no matter how well trained and motivated they are. Sometimes we are ‘set up’ by the system to fail.
The challenge is to develop error-tolerant systems and to prevent errors from occurring”
Human factors addresses what people are being asked to do (the Work and its characteristics), who is doing it (the People and their competence) and where they are working (the Organization and its attributes).
The Work

Tasks should be designed in accordance with human factors principles to take into account the limitations and strengths of People. Matching the Work to the person will ensure that they are not overloaded and that the most effective contribution to the business results. Physical match includes the design of the whole workplace and working environment. Mental match involves the individual’s information and decision-making requirements, as well as their perception of the tasks and risks. Mismatches between the Work requirements and the capabilities of People increases the potential for human error.
The People

People have different attitudes, experiences, skills, habits and personalities. In the workplace, these individual differences can be strengths or weaknesses, depending on the Work. These characteristics of People may have a positive or a negative impact on the performance of Work. Some aspects of People are fixed, such as physical dimensions and personality, but others such as skills and attitudes may be changed or improved.

The Organization

Factors relating to the Organization have a significant influence on the behavior of People. A key organizational factor is the culture, which outlines what is and what is not acceptable behavior. Other factors include how work is planned and organized. These factors are often not under the control of People who are doing the Work. Many accidents are blamed on the actions or omissions of People directly involved in the Work. This response ignores fundamental failures within the design, management and decision-making functions of the Organization.

Work factors
• illogical design of equipment and instruments
• constant disturbances and interruptions
• missing or unclear instructions
• poorly maintained equipment
• high workload
• noisy and unpleasant working conditions.
People factors
• low skill and competence levels
• tired staff
• bored or disheartened staff
• individual medical problems.
Organization factors
• poor work planning, leading to high work pressure
• lack of safety systems and barriers
• inadequate responses to previous incidents
• management based on one-way communications
• deficient co-ordination and responsibilities
• poor management of health and safety
• poor health and safety culture.

02/04/2023

Prevention of safety human errors

02/04/2023

HUMAN ERROR IN THE WORKPLACE

HOW TO PREVENT HUMAN ERROR IN WORKPLACE
While it is perhaps impossible to prevent people from ever making mistakes, steps can be taken to decrease instances of human error and improve your employees’ health and safety overall. By being aware of the underlying causes of human error, employers and supervisors can act to reduce risk factors and create safer work environments.
In this article, we will go over the impact of human error on workplace safety, look at what causes human error and provide you with effective measures you can take to reduce the risk of accidents caused by human error at your place of work.

MOST COMMON TYPES OF HUMAN ERROR IN THE WORKPLACE
There are three types of unintentional common human errors: slips, lapses and mistakes. Slips and lapses usually happen when people are undertaking familiar tasks and do not give their full attention over to their duties. Mistakes can occur because a person does not fully understand rules and procedures or does not know how to correctly perform a task.
The three most common types of human error according to HSE guidelines are:
• Slips: A slip is when a worker does not perform an action in the correct manner
• Lapses: Lapses happen when a worker forgets to perform a task or performs a sequence of tasks in the wrong order
• Mistakes: Mistakes are when a worker fails to make the right decision because of a lack of knowledge about their task or about the rules surrounding their duties
Common causes of human error include:
• Insufficient health and safety training
• Inadequate work instructions
• Fatigue from overwork
• Distractions from co-workers or the public
• Boredom from performing repetitive tasks
• Unrealistic deadlines that create time pressure
• Issues with equipment or machinery
• Organizational problems
• Poor working environments
• Personal stressors, such as drug or alcohol abuse, family issues, poor health, etc.

Some Examples of Human Error
Slips, lapses and mistakes most commonly occur because of a range of factors involving training, working conditions, and health and safety procedures. Human error can be the result of inexperience with a task, poor training, being overloaded with work, from having to concentrate on difficult tasks for long periods or from having to perform repetitive tasks for long periods.
What are some examples of human error? It is instructive to look at examples of human error from each of the three main categories:
• Common slips can include starting equipment before putting on the appropriate safety gear, operating equipment in the incorrect manner, or applying a correct procedure to the wrong object
• Examples of lapses are when workers forget to secure hazardous equipment such as scaffolding, confuse similar tasks, do not follow the correct steps when completing a task, or overlook crucial details
• An example of a mistake could be overloading a piece of machinery, inadvertently performing a task incorrectly, or misunderstanding instructions and causing damage to equipment or injury to oneself or co-workers

26/03/2023

PREVENTION OF SLIP, TRIP AND FALLS

And How do you prevent it.

26/03/2023

PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF SLIP, TRIP AND FALLS

DID YOU KNOW?

In Singapore has one of the fastest ageing populations in the world? 1 in 6 Singaporeans over the age of 60 falls each year. Most slip, trip and falls take place at home.
A slip, trip and fall can result in serious injuries such as broken bones and can sometimes lead to permanent disability.
Even if the patient does not suffer a major injury after a slip, trip and fall, he or she may become less mobile and have a restricted social life.
This can lead to depression and loss of independence and confidence.
So, it is important that you know the risks of slip, trip and falls and how to prevent them.
DO YOU KNOW? That most slip, trip and falls in the elderly happen at home, mainly in the bedroom area? We tend to overlook the safety of places where we are familiar and comfortable with.
Although falls are accidents, they are preventable. Making small changes to your lifestyle, habits and environment can reduce the risk of slip, trip and falls
First of all, keeping your body healthy and fit is the best defense against slip, trip and falls.

COMMON RISK FACTORS FOR SLIP, TRIP AND FALLS INCLUDE:
• POOR VISSION
• POOR BALANCE
• MUSCLE WEAKNESS
• DIZZINESS
• POOR MEMORY
• ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
• LACK OF REGULR EXERCISE
• MEDITATION THAT CAUSE DROWSINESS
• ENVIRONMRNTAL HAZZARDS SUCH AS TOYS LYING ON THE FLOOR

YOU CAN DO THE FOLLOWING TO PREVENT SLIP, TRIP AND FALLS AT HOME:
• PLACE OR STORE COMMONLY USED ITEMS WITHIN EASY REACH
• AVOID STANDING ON STOOLS OR CHAIRS TO REACH FOR HIGH SHELVES OR COMPARTMENTS
• ENSURE STAIRS ARE WELL-LIT EVEN IF YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH THE STAIRS.

WHEN YOU ARE OUT AND ABOUT
• ENSURE YOU WEAR PROPER FOOT WEAR
• WEAR SUPPORTIVE, NON-SLIP, LOW-HEELED SHOES THAT FIT WELL.
• PROTECT YOUR SHOES WITH SOCKS
IF YOU USE WALKING AIDS, MAK SURE YOU ARE USING THEM PROPERLY
• WALKING STICK SHOULD REACH THE CREASE OF YOUR WRIST WHEN YOU STAND UP STRAIGHT.
• YOUR ELBOW SHOULD BEND A LITTLE WHEN YOU ARE HOLDING THE STICK
• HOLD THE WALKING STICK IN THE HAND OPPOSITE THE SIDE THAT NEEDS SUPPORT.

IF YOU ARE ON MEDICATION

• TALK TO YOUR DOCTOR OR PHARMACIST ABOUT THE EFFECT OF YOUR MEDICATION.
• MAKE SURE THAT YOU ARE AWARE OF THE MEDICATION SIDE EFFECTS AND KNOW HOW TO TAKE THEM CORRECTLY.

TO AVOID OVERDOSE

• USE A PILL BOX TO ORGANIZE YOUR MEDICINE WITH JUST A FEW CHANGES TO YOUR HOME, LIFESTYLE AND HABITS, YOU CAN PROTECT YOURSELF AND YOUR LOVED ONES FROM FALLS.

PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF FALLS, SLIP AND TRIP

SLIP
A SLIP IS THE FEELING OF YOUR FEET COMING OUT FROM UNDER YOU. SLIPS ARE CAUSED BY LACK OF TRACTION AND FRICTION BETWEEN THE PERSON WALKING AND THE WALKING SURFACE. HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF THINGS THAT CAUSE SLIPS:
• A SPILL
• SLICK FLOORING
• LOOSE RUGS OR MATS THAT MOVE/BUNCH AS THEY’RE USED
• WET OR OILY SURFACES
• WEATHER (SUCH AS ICY CONDITIONS)

TRIP
A TRIP HAPPENS WHEN YOUR FOOT HITS AN OBJECT IN A WAY THAT CAUSES YOU TO LOSE BALANCE. TRIPS ARE CAUSED BY:
• POOR LIGHTING
• IMPAIRED VISION
• OBSTRUCTED VIEW
• SMALL ANIMALS OR CHILDREN
• EXCESS CLUTTER
• MATS AND RUGS THAT ARE NOT ANCHORED TO THE GROUND
• UNEVEN SURFACES (SUCH AS STEPS)
• A WRINKLE OR CURL IN A CARPET
• CABLES AND WIRES
• POORLY FITTED SHOES
• OR SHOES THAT HAVE MORE HEIGHT/RUBBER IN THE SOLE THAN THE PERSON IS USED TO WALKING IN.

FALL
FALLS ARE USUALLY THE RESULT OF AN UNRECOVERABLE LOSS OF BALANCE FROM EITHER TRIP OR A SLIP.
RISK FACTORS FOR FALLS
• WEAK MUSCLES, ESPECIALLY IN THE LEGS.
• POOR BALANCE, CAUSING UNSTEADINESS ON YOUR FEET.
• DIZZINESS OR LIGHTHEADEDNESS.
• FOOT PROBLEMS-INCLUDING PAIN AND DEFORMITIES.
• MEMORY LOSS, CONFUSION OR DIFFICULTIES WITH THINKING OR PROBLEM SOLVING.

SLIP, TRIP AND FALLS PREVENTION AND NUTRITION

• Nutrition is an important factor in falls prevention, as frailty and weakness results in loss of muscle mass and strength, neuromuscular impairment, limited mobility and malnutrition.
Nutrition is related to many risk factors for falls, and has been shown to be a determining factor in not only the severity of injuries from falls, but also recovery time after the injury. Specifically deficiencies in energy, protein and micronutrients can lead to falls due to the effect on strength, mobility and impact on both visual and cognitive impairment.
Starting with Vitamin D, a vitamin that helps improve muscle function, and in conjunction with calcium helps minimize bone loss. The calcium stored in bones maintains their strength and the Vitamin D assists with the absorption of calcium into the bone. Good sources of calcium include dairy foods – for example, milk, cheese, yoghurt and custard, fortified soy products and bony fish, such as sardines. At least three serves of calcium-rich foods are recommended each day.

20/03/2023

Hi everyone, We are from Eduspere College students taking course diploma in caregiving, As a student we have a task and we should know about how to take good care a elderly people, so everytime we have a post it's all about health and care for elderly, We hope you can support our pages and if you have any questions dont hesistate to ask us. and I just want you to know this pages is for school purposes only. Thank you so much!God bless😊

Health and Care For elderly

16/04/2023

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26/03/2023

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