04/04/2025
“How China’s Tariff on British O***m Opened Its Eyes—Quite Literally”
– Dr Chua CN, 4/4/2025
Donald Trump once claimed that “tariff” is the most beautiful word in the English language. But in 19th-century China, tariffs were at the heart of a far more tragic story—one that, ironically, helped introduce modern eye care 👁️ while plunging millions into addiction and despair.
In the early 1800s, the Qing government tried to stem a growing crisis: o***m addiction, driven by British merchants who flooded the Chinese market with the drug. To protect its people and economy, China imposed strict tariffs and bans on o***m.
Britain, reliant on the o***m trade to balance its trade deficit with China, refused to accept these restrictions. When Chinese officials destroyed British o***m stockpiles, Britain retaliated—triggering the O***m Wars (1839–1842 and 1856–1860), which ended in humiliating defeat for China.
The resulting unequal treaties forced China to open its ports, slash tariffs, and allow Western powers greater access and influence. Alongside traders and diplomats came Western doctors, including missionaries trained in the emerging field of ophthalmology 👓.
One such figure was Dr Peter Parker, an American physician and missionary who, in 1835, established China’s first eye hospital 🏥 in Canton. He treated thousands of patients for cataracts, trachoma, and blindness 👀—conditions that had long gone untreated in China.
So, in a cruel twist of fate, the very conflict that deepened China’s o***m nightmare also brought sight-saving medicine to its shores.
O***m darkened minds, but ironically opened eyes. Keep your eyes open—for history is full of surprises.
P/S: Portrait of Peter Parker with his assistant treating an eye patient. Painted by Lam Qua (1901–1960), the artwork is now housed in the Medical Historical Library at the Cushing/Whitney Medical Library.
🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢🚢
《中国靠“关税”挡鸦片,没想到也打开了“眼界”》
—— 蔡鐘能眼科医生,2025年4月5日
特朗普曾说,“tariff(关税)”是英文里最美的词。但对十九世纪的中国来说,关税背后是一段辛酸又讽刺的历史——它一方面试图阻挡毒害,却也无意中引入了现代眼科医疗 👁️。
19世纪初,清政府面对一场愈演愈烈的危机:鸦片成瘾。英国商人不断向中国倾销鸦片,毒害百姓。为了自保,中国对鸦片进口征收重税,甚至全面禁止。
英国当然不肯罢休。鸦片贸易是他们平衡中英贸易的重要来源。于是,当中国在广东销毁英方鸦片时,英国借题发挥发动战争——这就是鸦片战争(1839–1842年,1856–1860年)。中国最终惨败。
之后签署的“不平等条约”迫使中国开放港口、降低关税,还让西方列强在华享有更多特权。随着商人和外交官一同而来的,还有不少西方医生,包括当时新兴的眼科医生 👓。
其中最有代表性的是来自美国的传教士兼医生——彼得·柏克(Dr. Peter Parker)。1835年,他在广州创办了中国第一家眼科医院 🏥,为成千上万的患者实施眼科手术,治疗白内障、沙眼等致盲疾病 👀。
讽刺的是,原本想靠关税阻止毒害的中国,虽然失败了,却也因此接触到了救眼的西方医学。
鸦片带来的是黑暗,但眼科带来了光明。
历史有时就是这样——令人“眼前一亮”。
附注:彼得·柏克医生与助手为一位眼疾患者治疗的画像,由林官(1901–1960)绘制,现收藏于卡辛-惠特尼医学图书馆医学历史馆。
#国际眼科中心
#古晋眼科中心
#诗巫眼科中心
#蔡鐘能眼科医生
#马来西亚眼科医生
#蔡鐘能眼科医生
***mwar