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What do you think about the recent outbreak of worms?Some people say that worms are just pests!Some parents have taken t...
18/09/2025

What do you think about the recent outbreak of worms?

Some people say that worms are just pests!

Some parents have taken to using a gun to kill the worms that have appeared, shocked by their sudden presence.

Here are some recommendations:

1. Make sure to prioritize cleanliness in your home, and always teach your babies to wash their hands.

2. For babies older than one year who stay at home, make sure to administer worm medication twice a year.

3. If you notice any signs in babies under one year, take them to the doctor and do not give them worm medication without a prescription.

4. Adults and families should also take the worm medication as babies do; it’s essential for everyone to stay clean.

Join the campaign to eliminate worms! Everyone should participate.

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Entamoeba histolytica Antigen Test 1. ObjectiveThe objective of the test was to detect the presence of specific Entamoe...
15/08/2025

Entamoeba histolytica Antigen Test
1. Objective
The objective of the test was to detect the presence of specific Entamoeba histolytica antigen in stool specimens, assisting in the diagnosis of amoebic dysentery and intestinal amoebiasis.
________________________________________
2. Principle
The test was based on the detection of E. histolytica-specific antigens using monoclonal antibodies through either an immunochromatographic (rapid card) method or ELISA. If antigens were present in the stool, they reacted with labeled antibodies to form a visible signal or color change.
________________________________________
3. Materials
• Fresh stool sample
• E. histolytica antigen test kit (ELISA or rapid card)
• Extraction buffer
• Micropipettes or dropper
• Gloves and sterile collection cup
• Incubator (for ELISA method)
• ELISA plate reader (if applicable)

4. Procedure (Rapid Immunochromatographic Test)
1. A portion of the stool sample was mixed with the extraction buffer.
2. Several drops of the prepared mixture were added to the sample well of the test cassette.
3. The test cassette was allowed to sit at room temperature for 10–15 minutes.
4. The presence of a test line along with a control line indicated a positive result.
________________________________________
5. Result (Example)
• Control line only: Negative
• Control + Test line: Positive
• No control line: Invalid
Example:
• Result: Positive
• Interpretation: Entamoeba histolytica antigen detected in stool — confirms amoebic infection.
________________________________________
6. Uses
• Diagnosed intestinal amoebiasis and amoebic dysentery
• Differentiated between pathogenic E. histolytica and non-pathogenic E. dispar (unlike microscopy)
• Aided in treatment decisions in patients with diarrhea and abdominal pain
________________________________________
7. Conclusion
The Entamoeba histolytica antigen test was a specific and non-invasive method for diagnosing amoebic infections. It offered more accurate detection than microscopy and helped guide appropriate therapy.

Stool Test (Routine Microscopy)1. Objective:The objective of the stool test was to detect the presence of intestinal par...
31/07/2025

Stool Test (Routine Microscopy)

1. Objective:

The objective of the stool test was to detect the presence of intestinal parasites, eggs, cysts, blood, mucus, pus cells, or abnormal constituents in the stool sample, aiding in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal infections or disorders.

2. Principle:

The test was based on microscopic examination of freshly collected stool to identify parasitic forms and chemical or visual detection of abnormalities such as occult blood, mucus, and fat globules.

3. Materials:

Clean, wide-mouthed stool container with lid

Applicator stick or spoon

Normal saline and iodine solution

Glass slides and coverslips

Light microscope

Gloves and PPE

Labeling materials

Waste disposal bin and disinfectant

4. Procedure (Microscopic):

1. A fresh stool sample was collected in a sterile container.

2. A small portion was emulsified in normal saline on a glass slide.

3. Another slide was prepared with iodine stain to detect cysts more clearly.

4. Coverslips were placed and slides were examined under 10x and 40x objectives.

5. The presence of ova, cysts, trophozoites, pus cells, RBCs, and fat globules was noted.

6. Additional chemical tests (e.g., occult blood) were performed if requested.

5. Result:

Normal: No parasites, no blood, no excess mucus or abnormal cells.

Abnormal: Presence of parasites (e.g., Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica), pus cells, RBCs, or fat indicating infection or malabsorption.

6. Uses:

It was used to diagnose parasitic infections, diarrhea causes, malabsorption, and inflammatory bowel diseases.

Also helpful in food poisoning and amoebic dysentery diagnosis.

7. Consultation:

Patients with abnormal findings were referred to a physician or gastroenterologist. Anti-parasitic or antibiotic treatment was prescribed based on the organism detected.

Hemoglobin Overview
28/07/2025

Hemoglobin Overview

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, ...
19/07/2025

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. UTIs are more common in women than in men, and they can vary in severity.

# # # Symptoms
Common symptoms of a UTI include:
- Frequent urge to urinate
- Burning sensation when urinating
- Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
- Blood in urine
- Pelvic pain (especially in women)

# # # Causes
UTIs are typically caused by bacteria, most commonly *Escherichia coli* (E. coli), which normally lives in the intestines. Other potential causes can include:
- Sexual activity
- Certain types of birth control
- Menopause
- Diabetes

# # # Diagnosis
Diagnosis usually involves:
- Urinalysis to check for bacteria or white blood cells
- Urine culture to identify the specific bacteria

# # # Treatment
- **Antibiotics:** The primary treatment for UTIs.
- **Pain relievers:** To alleviate discomfort.
- **Increased fluid intake:** To help flush out the bacteria.

# # # Prevention
To reduce the risk of UTIs:
- Stay hydrated.
- Urinate after in*******se.
- Wipe from front to back.
- Avoid irritating feminine products.

Plasmodium falciparum parasites, specifically in the gametocyte stage. Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite.
19/07/2025

Plasmodium falciparum parasites, specifically in the gametocyte stage.

Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite.

18/07/2025

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Important of paratical 🔬 🔬 🔬 🔬 🔬 Urine Microscopic Examination. 👇👇Please follow me🙏
18/07/2025

Important of paratical 🔬 🔬 🔬 🔬 🔬
Urine Microscopic Examination. 👇👇

Please follow me🙏

Typhoid Fever Management Simplified!Clear visual flowcharts for mild and severe cases, treatment plans, and supportive c...
17/07/2025

Typhoid Fever Management Simplified!

Clear visual flowcharts for mild and severe cases, treatment plans, and supportive care - perfect for students, doctors, and healthcare workers.

Dark-themed PowerPoint for easy viewing during presentations or night study.

Learn smart. Present smarter.

Download now and share with your medical circle!

Education Diseases Medicine Presentation

Malaria Treatment Simplified - WHO 2023 Guidelines Step-by-step guide for outpatient, inpatient & cerebral malaria manag...
17/07/2025

Malaria Treatment Simplified - WHO 2023 Guidelines Step-by-step guide for outpatient, inpatient & cerebral malaria management with supportive care. Perfect for quick reference!

Treatment Malaria Medicine Medicine Diseases

Management

Thyroid
17/07/2025

Thyroid

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