22/07/2023
Faculty of Health sciences (Public Health)
Maculuumaad Aasaasi ah kuna saabsan Caafimaadka Dadweynaha—(Public health)
Waa maxay caafimaadka dadweynaha( Public health)?
Caafimaadka dadweynaha waxaa lagu qeexaa, sayniska ka-hortagga cudurrada iyo kor u qaadista caafimaadka iyada oo loo marayo dedaallada abaabulan ee bulshada.
Waxa uu xoogga saaraa caafimaadka dadka oo dhan iyo ka hortagga cudurrada dadka ku dhaco. Sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah dadaallada ay abaabushay bulshada si loo ilaaliyo, kor na loogu qaado, loona soo celiyo caafimaadka dadka.
Dhan-kale, waa isku-darka cilmiga, xirfadaha iyo waxyaabaha la rumeysan yahay inay yihiin kuwo door muhiim ah ka cayaara hagaajinta caafimaadka dadka oo dhan, iyada oo loo marayo hawl-wadareed bulsheed.
Waa maxay muhiimada ama ujeedada barashda caafimaadka dadweynaha u leedahay ardayga —( objectives of public health study) ?
Ardayga barta waaxda caafimadka dadweynaha (Public health) wuxuu awood u yeelan doonaa:
1. Qiimaynta baahiyaha caafimaad ee qofka iyo bulshada ba.
2. Qorshaynta barnaamijyada caafimaadka ee wax ku oolka ah
3. Hirgelinta barnaamijyada caafimadka ee wax ku ool ah
4. Samaynta qiimayn iyo baaritaan la-xiriira wax-qabadyada caafimaadka
5. Maamulidda iyo maaraynta barnaamijyada caafimaadka
6. Helida xirfad sare iyo aqoon suuragalisa u adeegidda bulshada si waxtar u-leh caafimaadkooda.
7. Xirfad sare oo isgaarsiinta iyo u doodid xuquuqda caafimaadka ee bulshada ah dhaxalkeed.
Hawlaha muhiimka ah ee Caafimaadka Dadweynaha (Core activities of Public health).
1. Ka-hortagga cudurada faafa
2. Ilaalinta degaanka, goobta shaqada, cuntada iyo biyo;
3. Kor u qaadidda dhaqanka caafimaadka qaba;
4. Kormeerka xaaladda caafimaad ee dadwaynaha;
5. Abaabulka waxqabadka bulshada;
6. Wax ka qabashada masiibooyinka;
7. Hubinta tayada, helitaanka, iyo la-xisaabtanka ee daryeelka caafimaadka;
8. Gaaritaanka si loo horumariyo aragtiyo cusub iyo hal abuurxalalka iyo
9. Hoggaaminta horumarinta siyaasad caafimaad iyo Qorshaynta wanagsan
Qaybaha ugu waaweyn ee Caafimaadka Dadweynaha( The major Desciplines/fields of Public health)
1. Nafaqada (nutrition) : waa sayniska cuntada, nafaqooyinka iyo waxyaabaha kale ee ku jira, iyo xaaladaha caafimaadka iyo cudurrada la xiriira dheelitirka cunada .
2. Caafimaadka Taranka (Reproductive health): waa xaalad jir ahaan dhameystiran, maskax ahaan iyo bulsho ahaanba; iyo weliba dhammaan arrimaha la xiriira nidaamka taranka iyo hawlaheeda.
3. Caafimaadka Deegaanka(Environmental health): Habka aasaasiga ah ee xakamaynta bay'ada oo ay ugu horreyso in la garto arrimaha baayloojiga, kiimikada iyo arrimaha bulshada ee sababi kara khataraha caafimaad ama fayoobaanta iyo in wax laga beddelo bay'ada oo laga dhigo mid badqabta oo aan waxyeelaynayn caafimadka bulshada. Waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee caafimaadka degaanku waa faya-dhowrka biyaha, daadinta wasakhda.
4. Wacyigalinta Caafimaadka (Health education): waxaa lagu qeexaa isku-darka waayo-aragnimada iyo barashada loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo talaabooyin lagu hormarinayo caafimaadka. Waana qayb muhiim u ah kor u qaadista caafimaadka bulshada.
5. Daraasaynta iyo dabgalka cudurada (Epidemiology): waa daraasaynta soo noqnoqodaka iyo baahsanaanta cudurada ama dhibaatooyinka caafimad
iyo go'aaminta cudurada iyado lala xiriirinayo xaaladaha bulshada.
Darsadani waxay ka qayb qaadataa kobcinta caafimaadka, ka hortagga
iyo xakameynta dhibaatooyinka caafimaad ee bulsahada
6. Dhaqaalaha Caafimaadka ( Health economics): wa barashada adeegsiga khayraadka qaybta adeegyada caafimaadka iyo ka faa’iideysiga ugu habboon ee ilaha dhaqaalaha sida shaqaale, agab iyo dhaqaale.
7. Tirakoobka arimaha caafimaadka(Biostatistics ): waa isticmaalka tirakoobka gaar ahaan dhibaatooyin caafimaad, laakiin macnaheeda dhabta ahi waa mid ballaaran.
8. Maareynta Adeegga Caafimaadka ( Health service management): iyadu waa xaqiijinta wada-shaqaynta iyo ka faa’iideysiga haboon ee dhaqaalaha (shaqaalle, Agab iyo dhaqaalle), si loo gaaro himilooyinka la hiigsanayo.
9. Cilmi barista ( research): waa ficil miyir leh si loo helo aqoon qoto dheer ama xaqiiqooyin cusub oo ku saabsan sayniska ama farsamada kuwaas oo gacan ka geysta garashada dhibaatoyinka caafimaad, arrimaha sababa iyo xal u heliddooda.
10. Tirakoobka iyo daraasaynta xaladaha dadka (Demography ): waa daraasaynta xaaladaha dadka, gaar ahaan cufnaanta tiro ee bulshada (population density), heerka dhalasahada, dhimashada, koritaanka, baahsananta da'da, haajirida, iyo dhammaan xaaladaha kale ee bulsheed iyo dhaqaale.
Shaqooyinka ugu waaweyn ee caafimaadka dadweynaha ( major career opportunities of public health)
1. Nafaqoyahan(nutritionist)
2. Baaraha caafimaadka (medical investigator)
3. Khabiir caafimaadka taranka (reproductive health specialist)
4. Cilmi-baaraha cudurka iyo dhibaatoyinkooda caafimaad (epidemiologist)
5. Sarkaalka macluumaadka caafimaadka dadweynaha ah (public health information officer)
6. Isuduwaha barnaamijka kor u qaadida caafimaadka ( health promotion coordinator)
7. Khabiirka warfaafinta caafimaadka( health communication specialist)
8. Khabiirka tirakoobka dhibaatoyinka caafimad ( Biostatistician)
9. Agaasime urur aan dowli ahayn (Director of Non-governmental organization)
10. Khabiir cilmiga caafimaadka deegaanka (environmental health technician)
12. Injineerka caafimaadka dadweynaha (public health engineer)
13. Sarkaalka fayadhowrka iyo nadaafadda (Water sanitation and hygiene officer)
14. Bare-sare oo caafimaadka bulshada ah (public health professor)
15. La-taliyaha caafimaadka bulshada (public health consultant)
16. Qareenka caafimaadka dadweynaha (public health lawyer)
17. Dhakhtarka ilkaha ee caafimaadka dadweynaha (public health dentist)
18. Maaraynta xarumaha caafimaadka (health centers administrator)
19. Sarkaalka adeegga caafimaadka degdegga ah (emergency medical service officer)
20. Wacyigaliye caafimaad (health educator)
21. Khabiir dhowrida nadaafdaha warshadaha (industrial hygienist)
22. Maaraynta lataliyaha siyaasada ( management of policy advisor)
23. Iskuduwaha barnaamijka caafimdka la xirrira dabeecadaha dabeecaddaha (behavioral health program coordinator)
24. Sarkaalka caafimaadka degmada ( District medical officer)
26. Khabiirka HIV ( HIV specialist)
27. Khabiir cudur kuleylaha ah ( tropical diseases expert)
28. Maareeyaha mashaariicda caafimaadka ( health project manager)
29. Adeegaha caafimadka bulshada (community health worker)
30. khabiirka u diyaargarowga xaaladaha degdegga ah (emergency preprdeness specialist)
31. Isku duwaha isu diyaarinta xaaladaha degdega ah (emergency preprdeness coordinator)
32. Qorsheeyaha caafimaadka dadweynaha ( public health planner).
Tixraacyo (REFERENCES )
1. Challi Jira, Amsalu Feleke, Getnet Mitike (2003) Health Science Management for Health Science Students. Lecture Note Series. Jimma University: Faculty of Public Health.
2. G. P. Ranken, R. Amonoo – Laptaskan, G.J. Ebrahim, H.H. Lovel: District Health Care Challenges For Planning, Organization, And Evaluation for Developing Countries; Macmillan 2nd Edition 1996
3. Getnet Mitike (2003), Health Education for Health Science Students. Lecture Note Series. Addis Ababa University-Department of Community Health.
4. Green, Anderson. Community Health, 4th edition.
5. Gupta. Essential Preventive Medicine
6. Health and Health Related indicators 2003/2004. By the Federal Ministry Of Health
7. Helen M.W. et al, (1995). Health care of women and children in developing countries, 2nd edition, California, USA 8. Hildago, N. (1993). Multicultural Teacher Introspection. In Perry, T and Fraser, J (Eds.), Freedoms Plow: Teaching in a Multicultural Classroom, New York: Routledge
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