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Juba poultry Consult, Juba (2025)

21/07/2025

Today (21.7.2025)

We bring to you various medications for all your poultry diseases.

1. Amprolium – Used to treat and prevent coccidiosis
2. Tylosin – Controls respiratory diseases like mycoplasmosis
3. Enrofloxacin – Broad-spectrum antibiotic for bacterial infections
4. Neomycin – Treats digestive tract infections and diarrhea
5. Doxycycline – Effective against bacterial respiratory infections
6. Oxytetracycline – Used for bacterial infections and wound healing
7. Sulfadimethoxine – Treats coccidiosis and bacterial infections
8. Levamisole – Deworming agent against parasitic infestations
9. Ivermectin – Controls mites, lice, and internal parasites
10. Lincomycin – Treats necrotic enteritis and mycoplasma infections
11. Clopidol – Used for coccidiosis prevention in poultry
12. Ketoprofen – Anti-inflammatory drug for pain and swelling
13. Multivitamins – Essential for growth, immunity, and stress relief
14. Zinc Bacitracin – Improves gut health and controls bacterial infections
15. Ciprofloxacin – Broad-spectrum antibiotic for bacterial diseases
16. Erythromycin – Used to treat respiratory infections
17. Flubendazole – Effective dewormer against intestinal parasites
18. Chlortetracycline – Controls bacterial infections and promotes growth
19. Furazolidone – Treats bacterial enteritis and protozoal infections
20. B-complex – Supports nervous system.

Disclaimers:
This information is meant for Livestock professional use only.
Please these drugs are meant to be administered by technical and well trained personnel. We, at Juba Poultry Consult won't be blame should you use wrong drugs for your poultry diseases containment without consulting your vet doctors.

21/07/2025

Sponsored advert

How to start a Lucrative Poultry Farming with Small Capital around 500,000 SSP to 1,000 000 SSP in Juba, South Sudan

1. Choose the Type of Chicken you want
~ Broilers For fast meat production.
~ Layers For egg production

2. Prepare a Clean and Safe Space (use readily available house)
~ Their house should be well-ventilated and protected from rain and predators.
~ Use wood shavings or dry bedding on the floor.

3. Buy Chicks (Young Birds) with less than 5000 per chick in Juba
~ Start with a manageable number like 20–50, depending on your capital.
~ Make sure they come from a reliable hatchery.

4. Get Feed and Medications
~ Starter feed (weeks 0–2)
~ Grower feed (weeks 3–5)
~ Finisher feed (weeks 6–8 – for broilers)
~ Stock vitamins, glucose, and vaccines.

5. Provide Clean Water and Hygiene
~ Always give clean drinking water.
~ Clean the poultry house once or twice daily.

6. Vaccination and Health Care
~ Follow a vaccination schedule: Newcastle, Gumboro, Infectious bronchitis.
~ Deworm regularly and monitor their health.

7. Marketing
~ Start marketing your birds before they reach market size.
~ Buy and sell in bulk for better profit.

8. Start Small and Grow Gradually
~ Begin with what you can manage easily.
~ Expand your flock as you gain experience.

Tip With a budget of 500,000 SSP–1,000,000 SSP, you can start with 20 to 30 chicks. With good care and planning, you can make decent profits.

N. B.
Feel free to contact us for both Business and poultry related information

19/07/2025

WHICH ONE IS MORE PROFITABLE BETWEEN BROILERS AND LAYERS?

In poultry farming, many people ask which type of chicken is more profitable broilers or layers. The truth is, each has its own advantages and profit depends on the system a person sets up.

✓ BROILERS

Broilers are chickens raised for meat. They are sold between 6 to 8 weeks. What’s impressive about broilers is how fast they grow and how quickly they can be sold, allowing fast returns on investment. However, they require heavy feeding and strict hygiene to grow healthily.

✓ LAYERS

Layers are hens raised for eggs. They take longer to start laying — about 18 to 20 weeks. But once they start, they lay almost daily for many months, which provides steady income without waiting for maturity. After their laying period, they can also be sold as spent layers for meat.

♦Conclusion
If you're looking for quick cash, broilers are better. But if you want consistent, long-term income, layers are more profitable. If possible, raising both broilers and layers together may bring more balanced and increased profits than focusing on just one.

19/07/2025

WHY EVERY FARMERS SHOULD BE CAUTIOUS AND TAKE POULTRY MANAGEMENT SERIOUSLY DURING RAINY SEASON.

By: Vukeni Christopher Ojja of Juba Poultry Consult

Since we are now receiving lots of rains in Juba and beyond. One of my clients asked me to talk about some of the best management strategies that he can employ for proper poultry management during rainy season.

Poultry management during the rainy season requires special attention to ensure the health and productivity of the birds.

1. Dry Litter: Ensure litter remains dry to prevent ammonia buildup and reduce disease risk. Ammonia could cause CRD or necrotic eye infection to your poultry so, please ensure you have dry litter all the time.
2. Ventilation: Provide adequate ventilation to remove moisture and reduce disease risk.
3. Shelter: Ensure shelters are waterproof and well-ventilated.
4. Disease Prevention: Implement strict biosecurity measures to prevent disease introduction and spread. Some poultry farmers are found of allowing free movement of people, tools and machines into their poultry coops or houses. This behaviour could introduce new pathogens into your farms. Adhere to strick Biosecurity.
5. Drainage: Ensure proper drainage to prevent water accumulation. Water accumulation could acts as a breeding place for insects and pathogens which in return could cause diseases to your poultry.
6.Vaccination: Ensure birds are vaccinated against diseases prevalent during the rainy season. Diseases such as Fowl pox could have a very high prevalent during wet season because alot of mosquitoes could lay their eggs and hatches into larvae and later adult mosquitoes within a shorter time than during dry season.

Keep following Juba Poultry Consult for more information about Poultry. You can also feel free to make inquiry should you faced challenges about poultry.
+211923419563

18/07/2025

POULTRY DISEASES THAT CAN AFFECT HUMANS (Zoonotic Diseases)
By Vukeni Christopher Ojja, Freelance Poultry Consultant, Juba, South Sudan

Poultry production is an essential livelihood source in South Sudan and across Africa, providing both food and income to millions of households. However, poultry farming, when not managed properly, can also pose health risks to humans due to zoonotic diseases — diseases that are transmitted from animals to people. Zoonotic diseases can be spread through direct contact with infected birds, their droppings, secretions, or through consumption of undercooked meat and eggs. With the increasing integration of poultry farming into communities and the rising demand for poultry products, it is crucial to understand the key diseases that can transfer from chickens to humans and how to prevent them.

This article highlights some of the most common zoonotic diseases associated with poultry and outlines practical prevention measures. These insights aim to empower poultry farmers, traders, handlers, and consumers to improve biosecurity and reduce health risks in South Sudan and beyond.

1. Salmonella

Salmonella is one of the most well-known and widespread zoonotic diseases linked to poultry. It is caused by Salmonella bacteria, which naturally live in the intestines of chickens and other birds.

Transmission:

Humans can contract salmonella by:

Consuming undercooked or raw eggs and chicken meat.

Handling infected chickens or coming into contact with contaminated droppings, cages, or feed without proper hygiene.

Cross-contamination during food preparation.

Symptoms in Humans:

Diarrhea

Vomiting

Abdominal cramps

Fever

Headache

Symptoms typically begin 6 to 72 hours after infection and may last up to a week. While healthy individuals recover without medical treatment, the infection can be serious for the elderly, children, or people with weakened immune systems.

2. Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)

Avian Influenza, also known as Bird Flu, is a viral disease of birds, but some strains — particularly H5N1 and H7N9 — have been known to infect humans with severe consequences.

Transmission:

Close contact with live or dead infected poultry.

Inhalation of airborne particles from feathers, dust, or droppings.

Touching contaminated surfaces like feeding troughs, cages, or waterers.

Symptoms in Humans:

High fever (above 38°C)

Severe cough

Muscle aches

Sore throat

Difficulty breathing

In severe cases, pneumonia or respiratory failure

Avian influenza outbreaks can result in mass bird deaths and human fatalities. In countries like Egypt and China, past outbreaks have caused serious public health concerns. Fortunately, in South Sudan, no widespread outbreaks have been reported, but the risk remains due to cross-border poultry trade and limited surveillance.

3. Campylobacteriosis (caused by Campylobacter bacteria)

Campylobacter is a common bacterial pathogen found in poultry intestines. The bacteria can contaminate raw chicken meat and water sources, especially in unhygienic poultry operations.

Transmission:

Eating undercooked chicken meat.

Handling raw chicken or waste without washing hands properly.

Drinking contaminated water or using unclean utensils.

Symptoms in Humans:

Diarrhea (often bloody)

Stomach cramps

Fever

Nausea and vomiting

Malaise

Although the illness usually lasts less than a week, complications such as dehydration or more severe conditions like Guillain-Barré Syndrome may occur in rare cases.

4. Escherichia coli (E. coli) Infections

E. coli is a bacterium that normally lives in the gut of healthy chickens but certain strains can cause severe disease in humans, especially when sanitation is poor.

Transmission:

Contact with contaminated chicken manure, water, or food.

Consumption of undercooked poultry products.

Poor hygiene practices during poultry slaughter or processing.

Symptoms in Humans:

Watery or bloody diarrhea

Stomach cramps

Vomiting

Fatigue

Occasionally, kidney failure (especially in young children)

Improperly handled poultry manure used in gardens or farms can also spread E. coli into vegetables and drinking water sources.

5. Newcastle Disease (Rare in Humans)

Newcastle Disease is a highly contagious viral infection that affects domestic and wild birds. While it rarely affects humans, it poses a serious threat to poultry production due to its high mortality in birds.

Transmission to Humans:

Inhalation of droplets or dust from infected poultry environments.

Direct contact with secretions from infected birds (especially during slaughter or vaccination).

Symptoms in Humans:

Mild conjunctivitis (eye inflammation)

Low-grade fever

Slight respiratory symptoms

The disease is generally self-limiting in humans, but it can still cause discomfort and may spread among poultry workers if precautions are not observed.

Preventive Measures to Protect Human and Poultry Health

The best way to prevent zoonotic diseases from spreading from poultry to humans is through rigorous hygiene, responsible farming practices, and awareness. Here are key preventive actions every poultry farmer and consumer should adopt:

1. Maintain Good Personal Hygiene

Always wash your hands with soap and clean water after handling chickens, cleaning coops, or collecting eggs.

Avoid touching your mouth, nose, or eyes while working in poultry environments.

Change and wash clothes after working with poultry, especially before handling food.

2. Proper Cooking of Poultry Products

Cook chicken meat to an internal temperature of at least 75°C (165°F).

Boil or fry eggs until both the white and yolk are firm.

Avoid tasting raw batter containing eggs.

3. Improve Poultry Housing Hygiene

Clean coops and feeding equipment regularly using disinfectants.

Prevent overcrowding, which can promote disease spread.

Ensure good ventilation and dryness in poultry shelters.

4. Use Protective Gear

Wear gloves, masks, and boots when handling sick birds, cleaning droppings, or doing vaccinations.

Use eye protection when dealing with dust or spraying disinfectants.

5. Vaccinate Poultry Regularly

Follow a recommended vaccination schedule to protect your flock against diseases such as Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza.

Seek support from trained veterinary workers or community animal health workers.

6. Avoid Buying or Selling Sick Birds

Always observe birds for signs of illness before purchasing.

Isolate new birds before mixing them with your existing flock.

Report mass bird deaths to local authorities or veterinary services promptly.

Final Thoughts

Raising chickens is a rewarding activity that supports food security and income generation, particularly in South Sudan where access to animal protein is limited. However, it is essential to remember that poor poultry practices can expose farmers and communities to serious health risks. Understanding the diseases that can spread from poultry to humans and taking simple preventive measures can help protect your family, neighbors, and the wider community.

As poultry farming continues to grow in South Sudan, more investment is needed in public awareness, disease surveillance, and veterinary extension services. Community sensitization, proper training, and enforcement of food safety standards will go a long way in promoting safer and healthier poultry production systems.

For more tips on poultry health, disease prevention, and farm management, follow Juba Poultry Consult — your reliable partner in poultry success.
Prepared by Vukeni Christopher Ojja, Freelance Poultry Consultant, Juba, South Sudan

16/07/2025

Proper use of veterinary drugs

In order to keep livestock healthy it is very important to observe strict adherence to recommended treatment, the highest percentage of which should be done by a trained veterinary personnel and a few can be done by experienced farmers.

Vaccines are active or inactivated disease organisms used to boost immunity of the livestock from specific diseases. They have played a major role in eradicating some of the most dangerous diseases both in man and livestock such as smallpox in man and Rinderpest in animals.

Application of vaccines is a cheap way of protecting your whole flock against devastating diseases, such as Newcaste disease, which cannot be treated and can kill all the chicken in an entire village.

Another example of a deadly disease which can kill all your goats and half of your sheep is Goat Plague or Pest of small ruminants (PPR); there is no treatment against PPR but it can be prevented by vaccination.

Keeping up to date on which vaccinations are important for success of livestock in your area is a very important management tool.

Vaccines need to be kept constantly chilled in a fridge or frozen (depending on manufacturers instructions), as they deteriorate rapidly and loose efficacy within hours when exposed to warm temperature.

New, so called 'thermostable', vaccines are becoming available, which are more resistant to warm temperatures and can be kept for days (sometimes weeks) without cooling or freezing.

Once a vaccine vial has been opened the whole contents should be used quickly. Unused vaccine remaining in the open vial cannot be kept for later use.

It is advisable for several farmers to team up and have their animals vaccinated together on the same day. In this way they will share the costs for buying the vaccine, make full use of the vaccine vial contents and the vaccination becomes cheaper.

Vaccines should be handled and administered by trained veterinary personnel. Most often you will have to rely on the local veterinarian for vaccinating your animals. Chicken vaccination by eye-drop against Newcastle disease can be administered by trained farmers.

Veterinary drugs contain substances, which are potentially toxic and harmful to humans. After giving a drug to an animal these substances remain in the animals' body for some time until they have been completely excreted.

While these toxic substances remain in the body they can be found in the muscle (meat) and also in the udder (milk). A person consuming meat or milk from an animal that still has drug substances in its body will ingest harmful and toxic substances.

To prevent this from happening drug manufacturers provide a withdrawal period for each drug. The withdrawal period is the time until all toxic and harmful substances have been cleared from the body (incl. from meat and milk) of the treated animal.

If more than one injection has been given the withdrawal period begins after the last treatment. Before the withdrawal period is over, milk from the treated animal must not be consumed and the animal can also not be slaughtered for meat. For meat the withdrawal period may be longer than for milk.

The dosage for a drug provided by the manufacturer ensures that the amount of the drug in the body of the treated animal is high enough to kill all bacteria or parasites causing disease.

Because drugs spread to all parts of the body large heavy animals need more of the drug than light small animals. When administering less than the recommended dose the strength of the drug inside the body is low and kills none or only some of the bacteria/parasites.

This is called underdosing - giving too little of the drug. The result of underdosing is either no cure, or an incomplete cure where the animal first improves but then relapses. To make matters worse, the remaining bacteria/parasites learn how to survive.

Source: Ethiopian Veterinary Doctors

15/07/2025

The Economic Impact and Importance of Proper Poultry Feed Storage as a Way of Improving Food Insecurity: South Sudan as a case study.

By Vukeni Christopher Ojja, Juba, South Sudan — Freelance Poultry Consultant

Poultry farming has quietly become one of the most reliable income sources for families across South Sudan. Chickens, ducks, and guinea fowl help pay school fees, provide daily protein through eggs and meat, and act as a financial cushion during tough times. Yet one hidden challenge continues to limit the true potential of this sector: poor feed storage.

Feed accounts for up to 70% of poultry production costs. However, many smallholder farmers lose 20–30% of their feed every season due to poor storage, moisture, mold, and pests. These losses translate directly into fewer healthy birds, lower egg production, higher treatment costs for preventable diseases, and ultimately, less food and income for families.

Across villages in Central Equatoria, Warrap, Lakes, and Unity States, I have seen the same problem repeated. Farmers store feed in open sacks on bare floors, exposed to rain, rodents, or termites. When feed goes moldy, birds either reject it — wasting scarce resources — or eat it and become sick with conditions like aflatoxicosis, which silently kills flocks or cuts productivity.

When a household loses feed, it often means they must buy replacement feed at high prices or sell off birds earlier than planned, which reduces overall flock sizes. For example, a small poultry keeper feeding 100 birds can easily lose over 200 kg of feed every month if storage is poor — equivalent to thousands of South Sudanese Pounds that could have been saved or reinvested.

Beyond economics, poor feed storage also poses a hidden threat to human health. Moldy feed can introduce dangerous toxins that not only harm birds but can find their way into eggs and meat consumed by families. This can pose serious health risks, especially for children who rely on poultry products as an affordable source of protein.

Yet these losses are entirely preventable. Protecting poultry feed does not require huge investment — just basic awareness, simple structures, and local action. Farmers can reduce feed losses significantly by using raised wooden pallets to keep bags off damp floors, covering feed with waterproof sheets, or storing feed in metal drums or sealed plastic bins that rodents can’t chew through.

Buying feed in smaller batches is another practical solution for families without good storage. For groups of farmers, investing jointly in small community feed silos made of locally available materials can help them store feed safely in larger quantities. These low-cost solutions can double feed shelf-life, prevent contamination, and keep birds healthy and productive.

Stakeholders like the Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries, NGOs, and community-based organizations should pay more attention to this simple but powerful intervention. Training farmers on the basics of feed hygiene, mold prevention, and rodent control should be part of every poultry support program. Small grants or revolving loans for storage bins, pallets, or community silos can have a bigger return than many complex inputs.

When poultry farmers can keep their feed safe, they get better feed conversion rates, meaning birds grow faster on the same amount of feed. This efficiency means more eggs for families to eat or sell, more meat to supply local markets, and less need to rely on expensive imports from neighboring countries. Stronger local poultry supply chains mean more resilient communities, better household nutrition, and local income that stays in South Sudan’s economy.

In a country battling food insecurity, even small, practical actions like protecting poultry feed can make a big difference. Better feed storage is more than a farm management tip — it is an essential tool for strengthening livelihoods and food security.

As a poultry consultant working with farmers around Juba and beyond, I believe it is time for us to listen to these “small” problems. By solving them together, we can help thousands of households secure their birds, their income, and their families’ next meal.

About the Author:
Vukeni Christopher Ojja is a freelance poultry consultant based in Juba, South Sudan, passionate about empowering local farmers with practical knowledge to boost poultry production and food security.

12/07/2025

WHEN CHICKENS SPEAK: HOW TO DECODE YOUR FLOCK’S HIDDEN WARNINGS – A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR FARMERS
By Vukeni Christopher Ojja, Poultry Consultant in Juba, South Sudan

Many poultry farmers, both commercial and smallholder, make the same costly mistake: they respond only when sickness or loss is obvious—often when it’s already too late to save birds or profits. But what if the problem didn’t start suddenly? What if your chickens were telling you for days, or even weeks, that something was wrong?

Yes, your flock does talk to you—just not in words. Birds communicate through subtle signs, signals, and sounds that every farmer can learn to interpret. Mastering this “chicken language” can prevent major outbreaks, cut treatment costs, and dramatically improve flock health and farm income.

At KelsomFarms, and in my daily work as a poultry consultant here in South Sudan, I always teach farmers to focus on prevention over cure. Prevention starts with observation and early action. Here are three powerful ways your chickens communicate—and what you should do about it.

1️⃣ Body Language – The Silent SOS

Your chicken’s body is like a live health chart. Every movement, feather, and posture can signal comfort or trouble. A farmer who understands body language can catch disease or stress early—long before the whole flock is infected.

Here’s what to look for and what it might mean:

Ruffled feathers: This usually means the bird is cold, has a fever, or is stressed. Healthy birds keep feathers smooth and sleek.

Drooping wings: This can show weakness, dehydration, or even exhaustion. Birds should keep wings close and alert.

Huddling or cuddling during the day: It’s normal for chicks to gather at night, but daytime cuddling suggests they’re cold or uncomfortable—maybe drafts, poor heating, or sickness.

Lying flat with eyes closed: This is a red flag. The bird could be severely ill or near death—act fast.

Head tilted sideways: This could signal nervous system trouble—Newcastle disease is a common suspect in our region.

Gasping with open mouth: This shows severe respiratory distress or heat stress. Overcrowding, poor ventilation, or high temperatures are likely causes.

Dragging or lame legs: This often points to nutritional deficiency (lack of minerals like calcium or phosphorus) or splayed leg in chicks—check feed quality and floor conditions.

✅ Tip: Healthy chickens are naturally active, curious, and alert. Any unusual change in movement, posture, or energy should be investigated immediately.

2️⃣ Poo Patrol – The Secret Health Report

Few farmers enjoy inspecting droppings, but if you want healthy birds, you must check their poo—especially early in the morning. Droppings provide an honest report of what’s happening inside your birds when you’re not watching.

Colour and type mean different things:

White and watery: Usually a stress sign or kidney trouble. Could be from heat stress, poor water, or toxins.

Green and watery: Common with bacterial infections, poor-quality feed, or high stress.

Brown with visible blood: This is serious—likely coccidiosis, which kills chicks fast if untreated. Act immediately.

Yellowish droppings: Could point to liver damage or infections like fowl typhoid.

Normal poo: Healthy droppings are firm, brownish with a white cap. The brown part is f***s; the white is urates (urine waste).

✅ Tip: Morning droppings give you the clearest sign of overnight problems. Inspect random droppings in different parts of the coop.

3️⃣ The Sounds They Make – The Hidden Alarm

Many farmers get used to the noise in the chicken pen and stop paying attention. But unusual sounds (or unusual silence) can be a serious early warning.

Here’s what to listen for:

Wheezing or sizzling noises: These are classic signs of respiratory infection—chronic respiratory disease (CRD) or infectious coryza are likely causes.

Sneezing or coughing: This can happen when the coop is dusty, or temperatures swing too much. Drafts or poor litter management can worsen it.

Sudden silence: If your normally noisy flock goes quiet, check immediately—something is scaring them, or sickness is spreading.

Distress chirps (loud and repeated): Chicks especially do this when they’re hungry, cold, or frightened.

Shrieking or screaming: This is an emergency signal. The bird may be hurt, caught, or in extreme discomfort.

✅ Tip: Always enter your pen with ears open. A healthy flock has a normal chatter—any odd sound or silence should catch your attention.

Putting It All Together

Learning to read your birds’ signals isn’t just about watching them now and then—it’s a habit. Make a simple daily routine:

Do a 5-minute body scan when you open the coop in the morning. Look for drooping wings, unusual huddles, or any signs of weakness.

Do a poo check every morning. A quick glance can save your flock from a big outbreak.

Do a sound check whenever you pass by. Get familiar with normal flock noise so you’ll notice problems early.

Common Problems You Can Prevent

By mastering these simple checks, you can prevent or catch early:

✅ Coccidiosis
✅ Newcastle disease
✅ Heat stress
✅ Respiratory infections (CRD, Coryza)
✅ Nutritional deficiencies
✅ Predator attacks

Many small farmers in South Sudan and across Africa lose more than 30% of their flocks every year because they miss these signs. But those who listen and act early avoid mass losses, reduce medicine costs, and raise stronger, healthier birds-

Final Words

As a poultry consultant in Juba, South Sudan, I see daily how simple observation skills can change farms. When you take time to listen, watch, and check, you don’t just save your birds—you protect your income and food security.

So, the next time you step into your pen, remember: your chickens are talking to you. The real question is—are you listening?

If you found this guide useful, share it with a fellow farmer. Together, let’s build a community where healthy flocks and skilled farmers grow side by side.

Stay alert. Stay informed. Happy poultry farming!

Vukeni Christopher Ojja
Poultry Consultant – Juba, South Sudan

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