31/12/2025
❄️ What Is Frostbite?
Frostbite is damage to the skin and underlying tissues caused by prolonged exposure to extremely low temperatures.
It usually occurs at temperatures of -2°C (28°F) and below.
The most commonly affected areas are fingers, toes, nose, ears, cheeks, and chin.
❄️ What Causes Frostbite?
Prolonged exposure to cold air, wind, and moisture
Staying in the cold with wet clothing
Inadequate or non-protective clothing
Remaining motionless in cold environments
Touching frozen surfaces with bare hands
Alcohol and smoking (impairs blood circulation)
❄️ People at Risk
Outdoor workers
Mountaineers, skiers, soldiers
Homeless individuals
Infants and the elderly
People with circulatory disorders
Patients with diabetes
Paramedics and healthcare workers working in cold environments
❄️ Stages of Frostbite
1️⃣ Superficial Frostbite
Redness of the skin
Tingling and numbness
Mild pain
Usually improves with rewarming
2️⃣ Moderate Frostbite
Pale or white skin
Swelling
Fluid-filled blisters
Increased numbness
3️⃣ Severe (Deep) Frostbite
Skin turns purple, blue, or black
Severe tissue damage
Loss of sensation
Tissue death (necrosis) may occur
❄️ Symptoms of Frostbite
Coldness and numbness
Burning or stinging sensation
Hard, frozen skin
Color changes (white, purple, black)
Swelling and blisters
In severe cases, absence of pain (due to nerve damage)
❄️ First Aid for Frostbite
Move the person out of the cold environment
Remove wet clothing
Slowly rewarm the affected area using lukewarm water (37–39°C / 98–102°F)
Cover with a clean, dry cloth
Encourage fluid intake (do not give alcohol ❌)
❌ What Should NOT Be Done
Do not rub the frozen area
Do not apply direct heat such as stoves, heaters, or fire
Do not pop intact or burst blisters
Do not give alcohol
❄️ How Is Frostbite Treated?
Mild cases can be monitored at home
Moderate and severe cases require urgent medical attention
Pain relievers and treatments to improve circulation may be used
Surgical intervention may be necessary in advanced cases
