04/03/2026
Obesity is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as excessive fat accumulation that may harm health. It’s not just about weight — it’s about health risks.
One of the most common ways to assess obesity is the Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI is calculated by dividing weight (kg) by height squared (m²).
Here’s how it’s classified:
• 18.5–24.9 → Normal weight
• 25–29.9 → Overweight
• 30–34.9 → Class I obesity
• 35–39.9 → Class II obesity
• 40+ → Class III obesity
However, BMI alone doesn’t tell the full story. Waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage are also important in evaluating overall health risks.
Obesity is a complex medical condition influenced by genetic, environmental, psychological, and hormonal factors.
• Common causes include:
• Unbalanced nutrition
• Physical inactivity
• Genetic predisposition
• Stress and emotional eating
• Hormonal disorders (e.g., hypothyroidism)
• Certain medications
How is obesity treated?
The goal is not only weight loss, but improving overall health and quality of life.
1. Lifestyle changes
Balanced nutrition, regular exercise (at least 150 minutes per week), and behavioral support.
2. Medical treatment
Medication may be considered for individuals with BMI ≥30, or ≥27 with related health conditions.
3. Bariatric surgery
Recommended for BMI ≥40, or ≥35 with serious obesity-related diseases.
Gastric balloon treatment may be an option in selected cases.
Early evaluation and personalized treatment make a difference.