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Kiujy expert, Khmelnytskyi (2026)

31/08/2021

The new discovery explains what determines the amount and position of genetic exchanges that occur in gametes, such as plant pollen or human s***m and eggs.

When gametes are produced by a special cell division called meiosis, chromosomes exchange large segments of DNA. This ensures that each new cell has a unique genetic makeup, and explains why, with the exception of identical twins, no two siblings are completely genetically identical.

These DNA exchanges or crossovers are necessary to create the genetic diversity that drives evolution, and their frequency and position along chromosomes are tightly controlled.
One of the authors of the new study, Dr. Chris Morgan, explains the significance of this phenomenon: “Crossover positioning has important implications for evolution, fertility and breeding. By understanding the mechanisms that govern crossover positioning, we are more likely to be able to uncover breeding methods, change crossover positioning to improve existing plant and animal breeding technologies. ”

27/08/2021

The use of antibiotics by humans affects the microbiome of even wild animals, so the latter can serve as indicators of environmental pollution by abacterial drugs. This conclusion was reached by Swedish scientists after analyzing the microbiome of wild bears that have lived in Sweden at various times over the past 180 years and found a peak in the use of antibiotics, as well as taking measures to control their use. mass production of antibiotics began only in the 1940s. But their excessive use since then has led to the fact that the bacteria against which they were developed, began to actively acquire resistance to them. The problem is further complicated by the fact that bacteria are able to transfer genes of this resistance to each other and spread it around the world.It has come to the point that microbes resistant to numerous antibiotics can be found even in wild natural environments. They come to them mainly from human health and agricultural facilities, along with wastes such as wastewater. There, dangerous pathogens can also lose their vulnerability and be transmitted to humans, threatening their health and life.Of course, drug resistance did not appear after we learned to produce antibiotics. Antibacterial substances are naturally produced by a large number of living organisms, so to some extent antibiotic resistance has always existed in wild ecosystems. It is not easy to understand how much we have increased its prevalence in remote corners of nature. To make this possible, scientists from Uppsala University and the Swedish Museum of Natural History have drawn attention to historical wildlife specimens.

23/08/2021

Specialists found out that 740 thousand. new cancer cases recorded in 2020 are directly related to alcohol consumption. This is about 4% of all cancers diagnosed in the world during the year.

It is known that alcohol causes DNA damage due to increased production of harmful chemicals in the body. Alcohol consumption also causes the production of hormones that promote cancer.Researchers from seven countries studied data on human alcohol consumption in different countries in 2010 and compared them with the number of cancers detected in 2020. According to experts, ten years is the period necessary for alcohol to affect the development of cancer.

Experts have found that excessive alcohol consumption has the greatest impact on the development of oncology. However, even moderate alcohol consumption has led to more than 103 thousand. diseases in 2020. The largest number are cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, colon and re**um, liver and breast. Scientists note that the data seen by oncologists have a clear link to alcohol consumption.

21/08/2021

The most ancient work of art

Scientists have been able to detect and correctly date a rock image more than 40,000 years old. In a cave on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, a prehistoric artist depicted people hunting bison and wild boar with animal heads. The image was dated according to the level of decay of radioactive uranium contained in the deposits that covered the drawings for thousands of years of existence. The image turned out to be the oldest known work of fine art today.

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