Pray for our world

10/06/2022

Глоба́льне потеплі́ння (англ. global warming) — збільшуване поступове підвищення температури поверхні Землі та океану. Нагрівання відбувається не лише завдяки сонячній радіації, але переважно внутрішніми джерелами (розпад калію-40, гравітаційною диференціацією). Дослідні дані засвідчують, що сонячні цикли на рості температури в глибині океанів мало відбиваються: динаміка температури океану не повторює сонячні цикли, температура постійно зростає.

25/05/2022

On July 23, Austria-Hungary addressed Serbia with an ultimatum, in which they demanded to stop anti-Austrian propaganda in the press and educational institutions, to close the Narodna Odbrana society and other anti-Austrian Serbian organizations, and to remove from military and administrative service all persons involved in agitation against Austria- Hungary, to conduct a judicial investigation against the participants in the conspiracy of June 28, allowing representatives of the Austrian authorities to participate in this investigation and in the future "to allow cooperation in Serbia of the organs of the imperial and royal government in suppressing the revolutionary movement directed against the territorial integrity of the monarchy"[44].
On July 23, Gray met for the first time during the crisis with the Austrian ambassador Mensdorff, who informed him of the main points of the Austrian note to Serbia. Gray refused to discuss it on the merits.

25/05/2022

On July 18, the Russian Foreign Minister Sazonov told the German Ambassador Purtales that if Austria-Hungary decided to “disturb the world”, she would have to “reckon with Europe”, “Russia could not look indifferently at the speech in Belgrade aimed at humiliating Serbia. … In any case, there should be no question of an ultimatum”[39].
On July 20-22, French President Poincaré and Chairman of the Council of Ministers Viviani paid a visit to Russia. Representatives of the French government assured that in the event of war with Germany, France would fulfill its allied obligations

25/05/2022

On July 9, Grey's second meeting with Likhnovsky took place. Gray again assured the German ambassador of the peace-loving mood of Russia, declared that England was not connected with Russia and France by any allied obligations and intended to maintain complete freedom of action in case of continental difficulties, claimed that he was trying to convince the Russian government "to take a calm and condescending position on attitude towards Austria” and “there is no reason to be pessimistic about the situation”

25/05/2022

On July 7, 1914, a meeting of the Council of Ministers was held in Vienna, at which it was decided to present an ultimatum to Serbia, in case of rejection of which “to resolve the issue through military intervention”[35].
On July 8, Gray met with the Russian ambassador Benckendorff, informed him of the likelihood of an Austrian action against Serbia, refuted the ambassador's suggestion that Wilhelm II did not want war, and emphasized Germany's hostility towards Russia

25/05/2022

On July 5, Wilhelm II, at a confidential meeting with the Austrian ambassador in Berlin, Ladislaus Szeguenyi, assured him that Austria-Hungary could "count on the full support of Germany" in the Austro-Serbian conflict, which Szeguenyi informed the Austrian Foreign Minister the same day Hungary Leopold von Berchtold[31][32].
On July 6, British Foreign Minister Edward Gray met with German Ambassador Karl Lichnowski. Likhnovsky stated that Austria was not planning any annexations in Serbia, expressed the hope that Gray would use his influence in St. Petersburg to persuade Serbia to give in to Austrian demands, and also expressed concern about Russia's hostile stance towards Germany. Gray assured the ambassador that Germany had no reason to doubt Russia's peacefulness, denied the existence of secret political agreements between England and Russia, and promised to promote mutual understanding between the Triple Alliance and the Entente

23/05/2022

This could be explained, for example, by a feeling of fear of a revolution that could break out if non-aggressive states enter the war and the war takes on a global character. Bourgeois politicians, of course, know that the first imperialist world war brought victory to the revolution in one of the largest countries. They fear that a second imperialist world war may also lead to the victory of the revolution in one or more countries.
- Reporting report at the XVIII Party Congress on the work of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on March 10, 1939

23/05/2022

Pell: […] As the experience of the First World War shows, if the areas were guarded and had air defense, then, flying in hundreds, they [heavy bombers] arrived in small dozens. And even fewer came back[…]
— Tanks against battleships. Transcript of the meeting of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR with the commanders of the Moscow, Belorussian and Ukrainian military districts and the heads of the Naval Forces of the Baltic and Black Seas.[15]
The expression "first world imperialist war" was first used by I. V. Stalin in his report of March 10, 1939:
A characteristic feature of the new imperialist war is that it has not yet become a general, world war. The aggressor states are waging war, infringing on the interests of non-aggressive states in every way, primarily England, France, the USA, while the latter are stepping back and retreating, giving the aggressors concession after concession.

23/05/2022

With the outbreak of war throughout the world, it was called the "Great War" or "The Great War" (cf .: English The Great War, French La Grande guerre). In the Russian Empire, official propaganda, appealing to the memory of the Patriotic War of 1812, introduced the names “Second Patriotic War” and “Great Patriotic War”[11][12], and the people called the war “German”. The social democratic parties of Europe and Russia used the definition of "imperialist war" [13], subsequently adopted by the historiography of the USSR and the socialist countries. In the interwar period, the epithets "great / big" gave way to the definition of "world war". Title "The Four Years' War 1914-1918" recorded in the 1920s the Encyclopedic Dictionary Garnet[14].

The name "World War I" in Russian is first encountered on May 8, 1928 in the transcript of a meeting of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR:

23/05/2022

Central Powers: German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman and Bulgarian Empires and allies;
Entente: Russian Empire, British Empire, French Republic and allies.
In total, during the war years, more than 70 million people were mobilized in the armies of the warring countries, including 60 million in Europe, of which 9 to 10 million died. The number of civilian casualties, according to various estimates, is in the range from 7 to 12 million people, of which about 1 million died as a result of hostilities[7][8]; about 55 million people were injured

23/05/2022

World War I (July 28, 1914 - November 11, 1918) is one of the largest wars in human history.
The formal reason for the war was the events in Sarajevo, where on June 28, 1914, the Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip killed the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Ferdinand, and his morganatic wife Sofia Chotek.
The countries participating in the First World War were divided into two opposing camps:

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