Your uterus

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To figure out whether you have PMS, record your symptoms on a tracking form like this one. You may have PMS if:

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The symptoms of PMS can be similar to or overlap with other conditions, including:

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The exact cause of PMS is not clear, but we do know that levels of estrogen and progesterone drop during the week before your period. Many doctors believe this decline in hormone levels triggers the symptoms of PMS. Changes in brain chemicals or deficiencies in certain vitamins and minerals may also play a role. Too many salty foods, alcohol, or caffeine may make symptoms worse as well.

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PMS can worsen the symptoms of certain chronic conditions, including:

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Any woman who has a period can get PMS, but some women are more likely to have symptoms:

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For many women, the worst part of PMS is its unpredictable impact on mood. Irritability, anger, crying spells, depression, and anxiety may come and go in the days leading up to your period. Some women even have trouble with memory and concentration during this time.

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PMS can trigger a wide range of aches and pains, including:

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Acne is one of the most common signs of PMS, and it doesn't just affect teenagers. Hormonal changes can cause glands in the skin to produce more sebum. This oily substance may clog the pores, triggering a breakout -- a visible reminder that your period is on its way.

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Many women get specific cravings when PMS strikes, often for sweet or salty foods like chocolate cake. The reasons for this aren't really clear. Other women may lose their appetite or get an upset stomach. Bloating and constipation are also common.

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A week or two before your period starts, you may notice bloating, headaches, mood swings, or other physical and emotional changes. These monthly symptoms are known as premenstrual syndrome, or PMS. About 85% of women experience some degree of PMS. A few have more severe symptoms that disrupt work or personal relationships, known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).

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Managing the complex symptoms of PMS can be challenging. But a proper eating schedule and careful diet choices can help provide relief before, during, and after your period. Good nutrition has also been shown to reduce the severity of period symptoms in the long run. To help combat PMS symptoms, eat nourishing foods like fruits, beans, nuts, yogurt, tofu, and dark leafy greens. Make sure you get 8 hours of sleep at night and try to fit moderate exercise into your schedule. If your periods are especially painful and disruptive, see your healthcare provider for the right medical advice.

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Eating spicy foods in the days leading up to your period can worsen stomach issues, especially if you are not used to spicy meals. Spicy foods can cause diarrhea, stomach pain, and nausea on top of other symptoms connected with PMS. The burning sensation of spiciness comes from capsaicin, the active component of chili peppers. Capsaicin triggers pain receptors in the digestive tract, which can directly lead to stomachaches. Changing hormonal levels during PMS might make you crave carb-rich, spicy foods, but giving in to the temptation can lead to increased abdominal pains and even ulcers.

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If you tend to feel tired and sluggish before and during your period, iron deficiency might be the culprit. Although red meats are some of the best sources of iron, they can also worsen cramps and other abdominal distress. Red meats are rich in prostaglandins, which are hormones that cause contractions of the uterus and trigger PMS symptoms. Instead, choose alternative sources of iron like chickpeas, spinach, beans, and mushrooms. Meats like turkey and salmon also offer plenty of energy-boosting iron along with healthy omega-3 fatty acids.

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