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08/02/2023

A you struggling with cramps?

19/02/2021

Dysmenorrhoea
ICD10 CODE: N94.6
Abdominal pain that occurs just before or during
menstruation. Symptoms begin about 12 hours before onset
of me**es and last for 1–3 days.
Primary dysmenorrhoea occurs more commonly among
adolescents and young women. Symptoms usually begin
6–12 months after menarche and occur mainly with
ovulatory cycles. Generally, severity of symptoms decreases
with age, s*xual activity and child birth.
Secondary dysmenorrhoea is usually due to a gynaecological
condition such as infection or fibroids, and usually occurs in
older women above 30 years.
Causes of primary dysmenorrheaoa
y Not known
Causes of secondary dysmenorrhoea
y Pelvic inflammatory disease
y Endometriosis
y Uterine fibroids
Clinical features
y Lower abdominal cramping
y Backache, headache
y Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fainting, fever, fatigue,
dizziness
Differential diagnosis
y Endometriosis
y Other causes of lower abdominal painTREATMENT
LOC
Non-pharmacological
f Encourage the patient to rest or sleep
f Encourage the patient to do some exercises
f Advise the patient to apply a warm compress to
the abdomen
f Encourage the patient to wear loose fitting clothes
f Advise the patient to have a diet low in fats and
supplements such magnesium, vitamin B1,
vitamin E and zinc
Pharmacological
f Give NSAIDs e.g. ibuprofen 200–400 mg every
8 hours as required
f Other medications include paracetamol 1 g every
6 hours (in case of mild pain); or diclofenac 50 mg
every 8 hours for severe forms
f Review the patient after 5 days and if no response
or if recurrent, refer for specialist management
f In secondary dysmenorrhoea, treat cause e.g. PID
with antibiotics
HC2
HC2
HC ,.......if the condition persists consult life consult for help...

12/02/2021

DEFINITION

Gonorrhea is an infection caused by a s*xually transmitted bacterium that can infect both males and females. Gonorrhea most often affects the urethra, re**um or throat. In females, gonorrhea can also infect the cervix.

Gonorrhea is most commonly spread during s*x. But babies can be infected during childbirth if their mothers are infected. In babies, gonorrhea most commonly affects the eyes.

Gonorrhea is a common infection that, in many cases, causes no symptoms. You may not even know that you're infected. Abstaining from s*x, using a condom if you do have s*x and being in a mutually monogamous relationship are the best ways to prevent s*xually transmitted infections.

SYMPTOMS

In many cases, gonorrhea infection causes no symptoms. When symptoms do appear, gonorrhea infection can affect multiple sites in your body, but it commonly appears in the ge***al tract.

Gonorrhea affecting the ge***al tract

Signs and symptoms of gonorrhea infection in men include:

Painful urination

Pus-like discharge from the tip of the p***s

Pain or swelling in one testicle

Signs and symptoms of gonorrhea infection in women include:

Increased vaginal discharge

Painful urination

Vaginal bleeding between periods, such as after vaginal in*******se

Abdominal pain

Pelvic pain

Gonorrhea at other sites in the body

Gonorrhea can also affect these parts of the body:

Re**um. Signs and symptoms include a**l itching, pus-like discharge from the re**um, spots of bright red blood on toilet tissue and having to strain during bowel movements.

Eyes. Gonorrhea that affects your eyes may cause eye pain, sensitivity to light, and pus-like discharge from one or both eyes.

Throat. Signs and symptoms of a throat infection may include a sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in the neck.

Joints. If one or more joints become infected by bacteria (septic arthritis), the affected joints may be warm, red, swollen and extremely painful, especially when you move an affected joint.

When to see

08/02/2021

ATIONS
16.3.1 Hyperemesis Gravidarum
ICD10 CODE: O21
Excessive vomiting during pregnancy, associated with
ketosis, dehydration and weight loss (>5% of pre-pregnancy
weight).
Cause
y Not known but may be common in multiple and molar
pregnancy
Clinical features
y May occur from the 4th week of pregnancy and can
continue beyond the 12th week
y Defining symptoms are nausea and vomiting so severe that
oral intake is compromised
y Patient may develop complications of excessive vomiting,
such as vomiting blood and dehydration
Differential diagnosis
y Intestinal obstruction
y Other causes of vomiting
y Molar6
665
16.3.1 Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Investigations
¾Blood: complete count, RDT for malaria parasites
¾Urinalysis: to exclude urinary tract infection
¾Ultrasound scan: to detect molar or multiple pregnancies
Management
TREATMENT
LOC
f IV fluids to correct dehydration (see section 1.1.3)
and ketosis (give Ringer’s lactate or Normal
saline and Glucose 5%)
f Promethazine 25 mg IM or orally every 8 hours
prn
f Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) 1 tablet every 12 hours
for 7 days
f Or Metoclopramide 10 mg IM or IV or orally
every 6-8 hours prn and
If not responding to the above
f Chlorpromazine 25 mg IM or orally

07/02/2021

DEFINITION

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than the main cavity of the uterus. Pregnancy begins with a fertilized egg. Normally, the fertilized egg attaches itself to the lining of the uterus.

An ectopic pregnancy most often occurs in one of the tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus (fallopian tubes). This type of ectopic pregnancy is known as a tubal pregnancy. In some cases, however, an ectopic pregnancy occurs in the abdominal cavity, o***y or neck of the uterus (cervix).

An ectopic pregnancy can't proceed normally. The fertilized egg can't survive, and the growing tissue might destroy various maternal structures. Left untreated, life-threatening blood loss is possible.

Early treatment of an ectopic pregnancy can help preserve the chance for future healthy pregnancies.

SYMPTOMS

At first, an ectopic pregnancy might not cause any signs or symptoms. In other cases, early signs and symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy might be the same as those of any pregnancy — a missed period, breast tenderness and nausea.

If you take a pregnancy test, the result will be positive. Still, an ectopic pregnancy can't continue as normal.

Light vaginal bleeding with abdominal or pelvic pain is often the first warning sign of an ectopic pregnancy. If blood leaks from the fallopian tube, it's also possible to feel shoulder pain or an urge to have a bowel movement — depending on where the blood pools or which nerves are irritated. If the fallopian tube ruptures, heavy bleeding inside the abdomen is likely — followed by lightheadedness, fainting and shock.

When to see a doctor

Seek emergency medical help if you experience any signs or symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy, including:

Severe abdominal or pelvic pain accompanied by vaginal bleeding

Extreme lightheadedness or fainting

Shoulder pain

CAUSES

A tubal pregnancy — the most common type of ectopic pregnancy — happens when a fertilized egg gets stuck on its way to the ute

07/02/2021

ANTENATAL CARE (ANC)
ICD10 CODE: Z36
Antenatal care is a planned programme of medical care
offered to pregnant women by a skilled birth attendant, from
the time of conception to delivery, aimed at ensuring a safe
and satisfying pregnancy and birth outcome.
The main objective of antenatal care is to give information on:
y Screening, prevention, and treatment of complications
y Emergency preparedness
y Birth planning
y Satisfying any unmet nutritional, social, emotional, and
physical needs of the pregnant woman
y Provision of patient education, including successful care
and nutrition of the newborn
y Identification of high-risk pregnancy
y Encouragement of male partner involvement in antenatal
care
16.1.1 Goal-Oriented Antenatal Care Protocol
y Goals for ANC vary depending on the timing of the visit/
duration of pregnancy
y In normal (uncomplicated) pregnancies, aim for at least
4 routine visits as follows:
ANTENATAL VISIT
WEEK OF PREGNANCY
1st
≤20
2nd
20–28
3rd
28–36
4th
>3

07/02/2021

Good health during pregnancy......promotes safe antenatal, labour, postnatal plus a health Baby..... Consult us for any issue concerning your pregnancy

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+256753494340

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http://www.lifeconsult.com.ug/

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