Walubaya Simo Pierre

15/05/2025

𝐔𝐆𝐀𝐍𝐃𝐀'𝐒 𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐏𝐀𝐒𝐓 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐋𝐀𝐂𝐊 𝐌𝐀𝐑𝐊𝐄𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐍𝐄𝐒𝐒 (𝐌𝐀𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐃𝐎)
In the 1970s, Uganda faced severe economic hardship under the rule of President Idi Amin. His regime was marked by erratic decisions, territorial disputes with neighboring countries, and the expulsion of Indians, which led to a massive economic downturn. One of the most significant consequences was the emergence of a thriving black market known as "Magendo."

In February 1976, Idi Amin made territorial claims on Kenyan land, stating that several regions, including parts of Western Kenya, were historically part of Uganda. This angered Kenyan President Jomo Kenyatta, who responded by blocking Uganda's exports and imports through the port of Mombasa. The blockade severely impacted Uganda's economy, leading to widespread shortages of basic necessities like salt, sugar, and bread.

As a teenager, many young people like the narrator were forced to engage in smuggling goods across the Kenya-Uganda border to survive. They would carry small head-loads of coffee to Chepkube and Chapchais in Western Kenya, risking their lives to exchange them for essential goods. The Magendo economy thrived as people sought ways to circumvent the shortages and restrictions imposed by the government.

The Kenya-Uganda border was heavily guarded by Idi Amin's soldiers, who had strict instructions to shoot and kill smugglers. Despite the risks, many people continued to engage in Magendo, driven by desperation and the need to survive.

In 1978, Idi Amin's territorial ambitions led to a conflict with Tanzania. He claimed that the stretch of land between the official Uganda-Tanzania border and Kagera River belonged to Uganda, prompting President Julius Nyerere to launch a war that eventually ousted Idi Amin on April 11, 1979.

The Magendo era was a result of Idi Amin's disastrous policies and territorial disputes. The black market that emerged during this period was a testament to the resilience and resourcefulness of Ugandans in the face of adversity. Today, many elderly Ugandans who witnessed this turbulent past are relieved that the country has moved beyond those challenging times.

The story of Magendo serves as a reminder of the importance of stable leadership, economic management, and diplomatic relations with neighboring countries. It also highlights the human spirit's ability to adapt and survive in the face of hardship.

*Article from A Book tittled:* *Unveiling the Enigma in the Pearl of Africa by Muwoya Wekhoola David ISBN:9798545820399* available via https://a.co/d/ed9dkI8

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15/04/2025

𝐑𝐄𝐋𝐈𝐆𝐈𝐎𝐔𝐒 𝐇𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐎𝐅 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐔𝐃𝐀
By 1940, Islam had not reached Greater Bulucheke Sub-county. Following the coming of Bwana Robert, the Baganda and Nubians in 1912, the first mosque was constructed at Bududa (Namilaama) by Jafwali Mayanja. The construction stalled due to financial constraints and Jafwali Mayanja's busy administrative schedule. However, Kaleti, Mupampala and Yunusu Kitakulu completed the construction.

Meanwhile, Jafwali Mayanja, through Said Walekula son of Shimali, was busy grooming Wakhataala son of Mangongo for political leadership. Apart from his political ambitions, Wakhataala son of Mangongo was a very respected and devout Muslim in Bulucheke area. He invited the first Imam to come to Bumwalye to start teaching Islam.

Enthusiastic about education, Said Modoi worked with Wakhataala son of Mangongo to establish the first sub-grade school at Bumwalye and the school profile of Bumwalye primary School lists Said Modoi as the first Head teacher of the school.

Wakhataala Wa Mangongo and Said Modoi were temporarily arrested for competing with the Christians by opening up the school.Despite the persecution, the Muslims continued with their religious projects by opening up mosques at Bunambazu in1952, at Hama in 1950, at Nalenda in 1961, at Nangara in 1987, at Naando and Bushinokho in 1988, among other mosques.

Similarly, Bwana Robert and the Christian sub-county Chiefs were bent on spreading Christianity and building churches. Luunza church was established at Bushika in 1911 by Mukasa. Buloobi Church of Uganda was started in 1916 by Tanekanzi Mugoya. Bumakhase Church of Uganda was started in 1914 by Daniel Mayiira. Bumasata Church of Uganda was built by Wamooto in 1914-1917. Nanyere sub-grade school started in a church building in 1912.Bulucheke sub-grade school started in a church building in 1917.

However, enrolment of learners was postponed until 1921 because we had “Inzaala Ya Motookha”(the famine which coincided with the coming of the first motor car in Bugisu Sub-region) which badly affected the population in 1917-1919.

When learners were enrolled in 1921, another disaster, in the form of a disease called Khawaali, broke out. Actually, the enrolment stabilized around 1930. By 1940, Bulucheke sub-grade school had become a primary school and the first Head teachers of the school were Wekoye (1940-1947), Muteeke (1947-1948) and Wanzala (1948-1950).

Catholics lagged behind the Protestant Church. The first Catholic Church was established at Buwashi by Bwana Wine in 1931. Shikhuyu Catholic Church was started in 1933 and Buchunya Catholic Church was established in 1937.

*Article from A Book tittled:* *Unveiling the Enigma in the Pearl of Africa by Muwoya Wekhoola David ISBN:9798545820399* available via https://a.co/d/ed9dkI8

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12/04/2025

𝐁𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐌𝐈𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐀𝐑𝐘 𝐄𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐈𝐍 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐔𝐃𝐀
The Church Missionary Society started spreading education in Buganda, and in 1903, they reported that twenty two thousand children were attending school. By 1925; the children in school were one hundred fifty seven thousand.

However, remember that Nabumali High School, the highest institution of learning in Bugisu sub-region, had just been established in 1912. Therefore, we had very few highly educated people in what is now Bududa district.

The first people to access secondary school education were Nangwale Abner, Natoolo Masaaba and Watti Namakaali. Natoolo Masaaba was dismissed from Mwiri College, Watti Namakaali was killed by a fellow student at Mwiri College and Nangwale Abner proceeded to Britain where he obtained a Diploma in Engineering from the Royal Institute of Engineering and later on became a Chartered Engineer.

On the other hand, Natoolo Masaaba, the son of Misaki Kigai, joined politics and became a Councillor in Bugisu District Council. Later on, he went to Soviet Union where he graduated with a Diploma in Political Science.

In that generation we had Wamboga Ezekiel and his sister Namono Susan. Wamboga Ezekiel did his Senior Four in Nabumali High School in 1930 and later on became Treasurer of Bugisu District Administration.

Other two distinguished personalities who accessed higher education in the 1930s were Abiasali Makuyi Kuloba from Busai and Nathan Nakasala Bikala from Bumwalye.

Alosio Kutosi from Buloome area near Buchunya Primary school was among the first primary school teachers in what is now Bududa district. His 1952 Primary Two class at Buchunya Primary School consisted of learners like Constant Kolya of Bushika and Washi of Bulobi.

Following that generation, we had people like Muyonga Samuel who completed Senior Four in Ntare School, Musaba Painento who completed Senior Four in Teso College Aloet and Kusolo Wambi who qualified as a Grade Three Teacher. Muyonga Samuel upgraded until he became a Graduate Teacher, Musaba Painento joined Waterloo University in Canada where he graduated with a Diploma in Marketing and Kusolo Wambi upgraded and became a Tutor.

The same generation had people like Wanzama Augustine from Bundesi, Mukhutsu William from Bundesi, Masifa Davies from Bushiyi and Tsapwe Fred Humphrey from Banamubi.Wanzama Augustine completed high school in Nabumali High School in 1967 where he did History, Economics and Geography and joined Makerere University to do a Bachelor's degree in Arts. Wanzama later on joined Zaria University in Nigeria where he did a Master's degree in History and Antiquities. He returned to Uganda and became Deputy Curator of Uganda Museum in Kampala.Mukhutsu William went to Namilyango College where he did Biology, Chemistry and Geography and completed high school in1967. He joined Nairobi University where he did Veterinary Medicine but unfortunately dropped out of the university. He was employed in East African Income Tax as a Regional Senior Assessor.

Masifa Davies joined Nyakasura School in 1967 for high school where he did Mathematics, Economics, History and Fine Art. He went to Nairobi University where he graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Commerce. He worked with Kenya Railways as an Accountant and later on as a Manager. He returned to Uganda and worked with Uganda Oxygen.

Tsapwe Fred Humphrey joined Manjasi High School where he completed his Senior Four. He went to Uganda Technical College for high school and from there he proceeded to Makerere University for Engineering.

In addition, Mukhwana Simon Peter of Bumasata joined Nagongera Seminary and later on became a Regional Clerk of Prisons. We had very few girls who had accessed higher education. For example, the 1952 Primary Two class at Buchunya Primary School had 34 learners; and out of the 34 learners, only three (8.8 percent) were girls.

Wonekha Oliver was our first female graduate in Manjiya. She went to Namagunga Girls' School where she did her high school certificate and joined Makerere University to do a Bachelor's degree in Science, majoring in Biology and Chemistry.Another female student who did us proud was Nalubooka Elizabeth from Maboono. She joined Tororo Girls' School where she did her high school certificate and joined the Institute of Teacher Education Kyambogo for a Diploma in Secondary Education.

Article from A Book tittled: Unveiling the Enigma in the Pearl of Africa by Muwoya Wekhoola David ISBN:9798545820399 available via https://a.co/d/ed9dkI8

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09/04/2025

Some mistakes take us to the right place. https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbAo9bz6LwHn1LnzL13r

08/04/2025

𝐒𝐄𝐌𝐄𝐈 𝐊𝐀𝐊𝐔𝐍𝐆𝐔𝐋𝐔: 𝐖𝐀𝐒 𝐇𝐄 𝐀 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐄𝐃𝐘 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐇𝐎𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐋𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐍?
Frederick Jackson, a critic of Semei Lwakirenzi Kakungulu (1869-November 24, 1928) and his followers, stated: "They were accustomed to obedience... but outside their own country the Baganda, whether employed as agents, private servants, rickshaw boys, or porters, are arrogant, overbearing, greedy, conceited, delight in asserting themselves, and generally 'show off.'"

The allegation that, Kakungulu and his followers were greedy was proved in October 1901 when Grant sent W.W. Walker, a junior administrative officer, to stay with Kakungulu and establish why taxes were not coming from Bukedi. Walker established that Kakungulu and his followers had reduced natives to destitution. The area had no cattle, no sheep and no goats except those belonging to Kakungulu and his followers.

Harry Johnstone had arrived at Busaano (near the present day Nyondo Catholic mission) in April 1901 and had promised to recognize Kakungulu as the King of Bukedi if Kakungulu rounded up for him the Sudanese mutineers in Lango. Consequently, the colonial government reversed Harry Johnstone's decision and dismissed Kakungulu from active military service and from his official residence at Budaka due to greed and hostility to the natives.

Accordingly, Fowler instructed Kakungulu to stop levying taxes on local supplies from natives. The cultivation of shambas for support of his levy was also initiated and no hostile action without my sanction and to endeavour to live in friendly relations with the inhabitants of the area." Kakungulu used to grab land from the natives and give it to his followers as a gift. H.B. Thomas (1938), for instance, observed:

"He was giving those following him much better estate than they were getting in Buganda and he was the King of that country."

One wonders why Kakungulu was so greedy even though the British colonial government continued giving him 300 pounds until his death on November 24, 1928. Again, one wonders why Kakungulu, a person who had converted 250 soldiers to Christianity from his own forces, would be such a greedy and hostile man.

However, a man can get rich by stealing but there is a curse that accompanies the riches of a thief. For example, Kakungulu lost a herd of 1,000 cattle in a single season due to his anti-medicine beliefs.

*Article from A Book tittled:* *Unveiling the Enigma in the Pearl of Africa by Muwoya Wekhoola David ISBN:9798545820399* available via https://a.co/d/ed9dkI8

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06/04/2025

𝐌𝐈𝐒𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐀𝐑𝐘 𝐈𝐌𝐏𝐀𝐂𝐓 𝐎𝐍 𝐁𝐔𝐆𝐈𝐒𝐔 𝐒𝐔𝐁-𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐎𝐍
Semei Lwakirenzi Kakungulu had a high sense of historicity because in whatever he did he knew he was making history. When Rev. Buckley from Kamuli requested Kakungulu to go to Bugisu, he set off for Mbale immediately and established an administrative unit in Bwikhonge village, Bungwanyi subparish, Buyaka parish and named it Balimwogerako (they will talk about him).

Kakungulu was both a good soldier and a preacher of the gospel of Jesus Christ. In 1900, he asked Rev. Backley to pray for over 250 converts from his forces; and in the same year, he received Rev. Banks at Bwikhonge (then named Mivule because of the many Mivule trees Kakungulu had planted there).

Kakungulu had settled at Wanjito village as early as 1886, but he shifted to Bwikhonge (Mivule) at the request of Rev. Backley. As soon as Rev. Banks joined Kakungulu at Bwikhonge (Mivule), the reverend established Mivule High School in 1900.

Later, the British colonial government advised Kakungulu to transfer his administrative post to Nabumali hill. Kakungulu and Rev. Andereya Batulabudde moved to Nabumali. On December 10, 1900, Kakungulu and Mandaali (a Mumasaaba) requested Bishop Tucker to start a church at Nabumali on the land which had been donated by Nabumati, a generous Mumasaaba lady. In 1901, Bishop Tucker transferred Rev. and Mrs Grabtree from Gayaza to Nabumali.

In 1904, Bishop Tucker and Dr. Cook, a Christian missionary, visited Nabumali to see the work of Rev. Grabtree. Rev. Grabtree together with the new converts had started constructing the first church where Grabtree Dormitory now stands in Nabumali High School. Unfortunately, Rev. Grabtree fell sick towards the end of 1905 and he was given a sick leave in early 1906. Rev. Purvis, who would later on write grammar books, a dictionary and a prayer book with hymns in Lumasaaba, replaced Rev. Grabtree in 1906. Rev. Holden and Mr. Clayton, a professional teacher, also wrote grammar book in Lumasaaba.

Before his transfer, Rev. Purvis organized the first baptism at Nabumali and the first converts to be baptized in Masaabaland were Yusufu Wetonya, Simeoni Wandyetye, Salome Nakhaima and Elizabeth Namulele. At the end of 1906, Rev. Purvis was succeeded by Rev. Andereya Batulabudde.

Towards the end of 1908, Rev. H.B. Ladbury was transferred to Nabumali as a Vicar and he served there until early 1910 when Rev. Anger Leech was posted to replace him.

Nabumali High School started in 1912 with the help of Rev. Anger Leech and the converts. In 1913, Rev. Anger Leech was replaced by Rev. Banks; and in 1914, Rev. Banks, who had founded Mivule High School, became the head teacher of Nabumali High School. In 1915, Rev. Anger Leech founded Nabumali Day Primary School.

After 1900, the Protestant Church spread to Bubulo, Bupoto, Bududa, Bulucheke, Butiru and other parts of South Bugisu. For example, the church spread to Busaano in 1904, Bumasikye and Bumbobi in 1910, and Malatsi in 1911. In 1921, Rev. A.K. Banks was replaced by Rev. Kezekiah Bekabye who together with Rev. Anger Leech started the construction of Nabumali Holy Trinity Church. The church was completed and consecrated by Mr. J.H. Oldham on April 21, 1926.

A teacher training school was started at Nabumali, but in 1930 it was transferred to Buwalasi. In 1912, a Health Centre was started at Nabumali, but in 1940 it was transferred to Kumi to establish Freda Carr Hospital.

It was, therefore, fitting for the former Archbishop, the Most Rev. Dr. Livingstone Mpalanyi Nkoyoyo, to lay a foundation stone at Nabumali on Mpumudde hill on October 7, 2001 in memory of Semei Lwakirenzi Kakungulu and the First CMS Missionaries.

Article from A Book tittled: Unveiling the Enigma in the Pearl of Africa by Muwoya Wekhoola David page 91 ISBN:9798545820399 available via https://a.co/d/ed9dkI8

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06/04/2025

Have a great Sunday

04/04/2025

𝐄𝐕𝐎𝐋𝐔𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐎𝐅 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐁𝐎𝐔𝐍𝐃𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐁𝐔𝐆𝐈𝐒𝐔 𝐒𝐔𝐁-𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐎𝐍
In the first half of the 1920s, Budama, Bugwere and what is now Bugisu Sub-region were one administrative area called Bukedi district of Eastern Uganda in the Uganda Protectorate which had officially started in 1894 when the Imperial British East African Company became insolvent and handed Uganda over to the British government.

In 1924, Bukedi district was split into the districts of Budama, Bugwere and Bugisu. Before he was dismissed from the colonial army, Semei Kakungulu, the son of Semuwemba, made inroads into Bungokho, Bufumbo, Buwalasi, Busoba, Busaano, Budadiri and finally reached Bubulo in 1901.

By 1907, Sidney Ormsby, the first collector of Bukedi district, had brought the lower parts of Mount Masaaba under the British sphere of influence. Nonetheless, the current Bududa district remained independent and unknown to the outsiders probably because of the hilly terrain and forested nature of the area at that time.

The accidental killing of Mubooki wa Wanambwa (Umukulo) prompted the withdrawal of Bamulando from the battlefield at Konokoyi. Abandoned at the battlefield, Kotachi and Walekula rushed to Bumaanza to get military assistance from the British.

When Sidney Ormsby learnt of the insecurity in Bududa, he dispatched Bwana Robert and Kakungulu's men in 1912 on a punitive expedition to Bududa to conquer the area and bring it under British control.

On arriving at Bushika, some local warriors attacked Bwana Robert and Kakungulu's men and denied them passage. Wamundu, with a sharp spear and a thick shield in his hands, charged at Bwana Robert. Before Wamundu had thrown his spear at Robert, Robert shot through the thick shield and hit Wamundu with a bullet. Wamundu fell down, dead and completely motionless. Other warriors scampered for their own safety and whispered to one another, saying, "What type of arrow is this that penetrates a thick shield? Besides, the white man's arrow explodes and produces smoke."

Using gunfire, Bududa was overrun and became part of Bukedi district. During the second World War (1939-1945), Budama, Bugwere and Bugisu were united to form Mbale district, sharing administrative headquarters at Malukhu.

After independence in 1962, ethnic tensions similar to the contest between Elijah and the prophets of Baal (1 Kings 18:17-46) erupted between the Badama, Bagwere and Bagisu. The Bagisu, led by Natoolo Masaaba, started agitating for their town. Then, the government appointed a special commission of inquiry to look into the matter.

Subsequently, the 1967 Constitution placed Mbale and the surrounding areas under Bugisu. In 1968, Mbale district was divided into a new Bukedi, which was smaller in size and whose headquarters was transferred to Tororo.

In 1978, Idi Amin granted the North Bukedi district but the fall of Idi Amin on April 11, 1979 and the return of Milton Obote to power on December 13, 1980 frustrated the plan.

*Article from A Book tittled:* *Unveiling the Enigma in the Pearl of Africa by Muwoya Wekhoola David ISBN:9798545820399* available via https://a.co/d/ed9dkI8

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This Book is historical and religious in nature. It traces the history of Bududa district, Bugisu subregion, Uganda and Africa.

03/04/2025

𝐌𝐀𝐒𝐀𝐀𝐁𝐀𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐁𝐄𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐄 1902
Semei Kakungulu started Mbale town in 1902. In 1902, P. Phillips described Mbale as "a long wilderness of scrub inhabited by elephants." The places we now call Mbale, Sironko, Bulambuli, Bududa, Manafwa and Namisindwa districts were grasslands, shrubs and thickets where our ancestors lived, grew crops and reared animals.

Since our ancestors had not come in contact with the Europeans, the Arabs and the Indians, they possessed only a rudimentary hoe called Lizuu in Lumasaaba; and with this simple hoe, they produced adequate food for their families. The soils then were virgin and the yields were bountiful.

Having no stores like ours today, they used to keep their foods (mainly cereals and dried up meat) in granaries.

Their foods, whether fresh or dried up, would be cooked in clay cooking utensils. They used to have a variety of clay utensils like frying pans, cooking pots, pots for keeping drinking water, pots for brewing beer (malwa), pots for storage of cereals and dried up meat and pots for drinking beer from. They would serve a communal meal on banana leaves and sauce in clay bowls. Sometimes food would be served on wooden trays and sauce in wooden bowls. Before the arrival of spoons, our ancestors knew how to eat using short, sharp sticks.

The cereals like millet and ground nuts would be ground on a mill stone (lusisi). Alternatively, ground nuts would be pounded in a mortar (shibwiiri). Long and dull activities like grinding millet would be accompanied with traditional music.

The traditional society had an armed population and each household had to have spears and shields, arrows and bows. The long spine of the arrow would be made out of hard wood; the fletching that could drive the arrow in space would be made out of feathers of large birds like the bald eagle, and the arrow head would be made out of iron. There were times of peace and of warfare.

During wartime, a skilled person would buzz his lips on to the mouthpiece of the horn (ikhoombi or lubebe) and produce an appropriate sound to summon a ragtag army scattered all over the place. Patriotic songs would be sung to drive the army into the battlefield.

In peace time, lyres (harps) would be played in the village square to entertain women and children. Wind instruments like flutes and reed pipes would be used by hunters in the forest for merrymaking after a successful hunting expedition. During Imbalu initiation ceremonies percussion instruments like a bass drum would be beaten using drumsticks to produce music for entertaining the women and children.

The foreigners found our ancestors at a certain level of civilization, and to say that our ancestors were primitive and babaric is an insult to us the Africans.

*Article from A Book tittled:* *Unveiling the Enigma in the Pearl of Africa by Muwoya Wekhoola David page 91 ISBN:9798545820399* available via https://a.co/d/ed9dkI8

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This Book is historical and religious in nature. It traces the history of Bududa district, Bugisu subregion, Uganda and Africa.

03/04/2025

Blessed day

02/04/2025

𝐍𝐀𝐔𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐂𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐀𝐋 𝐒𝐘𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐌 𝐈𝐍 𝐁𝐔𝐆𝐈𝐒𝐔 SUB-𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐎𝐍
Before 1962, the colonial government developed Bugisu region along sectarian lines. For instance, in Mbale town there were separate living quarters based on racial discrimination.

Namakwekwe and Malukhu Estates were constructed to house Africans working in Mbale Municipal Council, Senior Quarters were for Europeans and Indian Quarters were for the Indian community. Later on, Bugisu Cooperative Union Estate was constructed at Busamaga for Bugisu Cooperative Union workers.

There were also Separate schools for Africans, Indians and Europeans. For example, North Road Primary School and Agakhan Primary School were for the Indian community. Fairway Primary School was for the children of Europeans. Malukhu, Nabuyonga and Namakwekwe Primary Schools were for the children of Africans residing in Malukhu and Namakwekwe Estates.

Apart from racial discrimination, schools were also developed along religious lines. For example, children from protestant families used to go mainly to Nabumali High School, Masaaba Secondary School, Bukedi College Kachonga and Bubulo Girls' School. However, children from Catholic families used to go mainly to Mbale College and Tororo College. On the other hand, Muslims would study in Nkoma Secondary School and Indians would go to Mbale Secondary School and Mbale High School (Pilais).

The Africans also had separate health units. For instance, Africans had their own health unit which was situated after Mugisu Hill on the road to Namakwekwe Estate. The European class monopolized marketing boards and the industrial sector in the country. The European class used to link up with the Africans indirectly through the Indian community who worked as middle men.

This arrangement gave the European class opportunity to focus on administrative issues while the Indian community concentrated on wholesale and retail businesses. All the shops in Mbale town were owned by Indians and even upcountry trading centres in Mayenze, Butiru, Busiu, Bududa and Bweri were monopolized by the Indian community. The status quo remained until Idi Amin chased away Indians from Uganda in what he described as the "economic war."

Article from A Book tittled: Unveiling the Enigma in the Pearl of Africa by Muwoya Wekhoola David ISBN:9798545820399 page 91 available via https://a.co/d/ed9dkI8

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02/04/2025

Blessed Wednesday