CMCRC

01/10/2025

Drs. Nelson Chao and Richard E. Champlin assessed the impact of mass radiation exposure, drawing lessons from the Chernobyl disaster. They focused on the preparedness of transplant centers, the Radiation Injury Treatment Network, and strategies for managing radiation injuries, emphasizing the importance of effective response and treatment in such events.

01/06/2025

Drs. Shuryak, Brenner, and colleagues evaluated a 3D model of the human cornea to assess UVC light damage. Their findings support the safety limits for far-UVC wavelengths, indicating they could effectively reduce...

Scientific bodies overseeing UV radiation protection recommend safety limits for exposure to ultraviolet light in the workplace based on published peer-reviewed data. To support this goal, a 3D model of the human cornea was used to assess the wavelength dependence of corneal damage induced by UVC li...

12/13/2024

Dr. Christie Orschell and colleagues researched whether or not IEPA (imidazolyl ethanamide pentandioic acid) is a promising development candidate as a medical countermeasure against the effects of acute radiation syndrome in rodents.

Repurposing therapeutic agents with existing clinical data is a common strategy for developing radiation countermeasures. IEPA (imidazolyl ethanamide pentandioic acid) is an orally bioavailable sma...

11/22/2024

Dr. Albert Fornace and colleagues investigated the profound effects of high-linear-energy-transfer heavy ion radiation on intestinal stem cells, shedding light on its critical implications for gut health and cancer development.

Heavy ion radiation, prevalent in outer space and relevant for radiotherapy, is densely ionizing and poses a risk to intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which are vital for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Earlier studies have shown that heavy-ion radiation can cause chronic oxidative stress, persisten...

10/25/2024

Dr. David Kirsch and colleagues found 56Fe-ion exposure increases the incidence of lung and brain tumors at a similar rate in both male and female mice.

The main deterrent to long-term space travel is the risk of Radiation Exposure Induced Death (REID). The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has adopted Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs) to limit the probability of REID to 3% for the risk of death due to radiation-induced carcinoge...

10/11/2024

Drs. Shuryak, Wang, and Brenner studied the impact of radiotherapy fractionation on overall survival in a large head and neck squamous cell carcinoma dataset by using a comprehensive approach combining mechanistic and machine learning models.

These findings are generally consistent with those of our previous mechanistic modeling, implying the potential benefits of altered radiotherapy fractionation schemes (e.g. 25×2.4 Gy, 20×2.75 Gy, 18×3.0 Gy) which increase BEDDD and BEDDI and counteract tumor repopulat...

09/27/2024

Drs. Brenner, Turner, Amundson, and colleagues studied the microfluidic measurement of intracellular mRNA with a molecular beacon probe toward point-of-care radiation triage.

In large-scale radiation exposure events, the ability to triage potential victims by the received radiation dosage is crucial. This can be evaluated by radiation-induced biological changes. Radiation-responsive mRNA is a class of biomarkers that has been explored for dose-dependency with methods suc...

09/10/2024

Dr. David Kirsch and colleagues found hypofractionated preoperative radiation should not yet be used as a standard of care for extremity and truncal soft tissue sarcoma.

Hypofractionated radiation therapy regimens should not be used as standard of care for localized soft tissue sarcoma.

08/30/2024

Dr. Christie Orschell and colleagues explored the effect of age at the time of irradiation, s*x, genetic diversity, and granulopoietic cytokine radiomitigation on lifespan and lymphoma development in murine h-ars survivors.

Acute, high-dose radiation exposure results in life-threatening acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and debilitating delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE). The DEARE are a set of chronic multi-organ illnesses that can result in early death due to malignancy and other diseases. Animal models...

08/23/2024

Dr. Evan Pannkuk and colleagues explored the impact of partial body shielding from high dose rates onu metabolomics in biodosimetry.

A realistic exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) from an improvised nuclear device will likely include individuals who are partially shielded from the initial blast delivered at a very high dose rate (VHDR). As different tissues have varying levels of radiosensitivity, e.g., hematopoietic vs gastroin...

08/02/2024

Dr. Paul W Buehler and colleagues administered UVR-RBCs to guinea pigs with increased markers of intravascular and extravascular hemolysis in a UV dose-dependent manner. This model may allow for the discrimination of RBC injury during the testing of extensively processed RBCs intended for transfusion.

UVR-RBCs administered to guinea pigs increased markers of intravascular and extravascular hemolysis in a UV dose-dependent manner. This model may allow for the discrimination of RBC injury during testing of extensively processed RBCs intended for transfusion.

07/25/2024

The Center for Radiological Research at Columbia University conducted a study on radiation biomarkers and their connection to hemopoietic injury in a humanized mouse model. Drs. Qi Wang, Maria Taveras, Xuefeng Wu, Constantinos G. Broustas, Igor Shuryak, Helen C. Turner, and colleagues successfully validated a biomarker-based triage assay and assessed the radiation sensitivity of the hematopoietic system following TBI exposures.

After a large-scale radiological or nuclear event, hundreds of thousands of people may be exposed to ionizing radiation and require subsequent medical management. Acute exposure to moderate doses (2–6 Gy) of radiation can lead to the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome, in which the bone marrow...

06/28/2024

Drs. Kai Jiang, Isabel L Jackson, Yannick Poirier, and colleaguesfabricate and validate a novel focused collimator designed to spare normal tissue in a murine hemithoracic irradiation model...

To fabricate and validate a novel focused collimator designed to spare normal tissue in a murine hemithoracic irradiation model using 250 MeV protons delivered at ultra-high dose rates (UHDRs) for preclinical FLASH-RT studies.Approach: A brass collimator was developed to shape 250 MeV UHDR …

06/24/2024

Dr. Chang-Lung Lee and colleagues found an increase in the number and size of TP53 clonal hematopoiesis (CH) clones following chemoradiation that were associated with clinical outcomes.

Exposure to cancer therapies is associated with an increased risk of clonal hematopoiesis (CH). The objective of our study was to investigate the genesis and evolution of CH following cancer therapy. In this prospective study, we undertook error-corrected duplex DNA sequencing in blood samples colle...