04/06/2025
Interesting information. Now also consider that they have long suspected that preecclampsia has to do with the placenta in some way, AND horse studies have shown that the placenta is mostly made of male DNA and it seems we might be headed somewhere.
Preeclampsia is complex, and part of the puzzle involves the male factor. A topic that is often neglected in conventional medicine, especially as semen parameters continue to fall.
One theory, or maybe one piece of the puzzle, may involve the semen microbiome (yes, the semen has microbes). Most research on microbiome and preeclampsia have centered on the female endometrial and vaginal microbiome. Still, this study (link in bio) argues that paternal immunological factors and semen microbiome may explain some PE patterns.
Pregnancy presents unique immunological changes that prevent the maternal immune system from attacking the embryo (it is a natural pathogen, causing tissue damage after all). Failure in this immunosuppression has been implicated in PE, as have pathogenic presences that prevent the immune system suppression (such as infections).
Seminal fluids also contain immunomodulating compounds that promote maternal immune tolerance, kind of like waving the white flag (friend, not foe). Exposure to a patern's semen over time reduces the risk of PE by facilitating immune adaptation; it trains the immune system that this semen is safe.
This may explain why PE is more common in first-time pregnancies, 2-3x higher risk, (maybe less exposure before conception), and seems to decline after subsequent pregnancies with the same partner.
We also see that the PE risk is higher in women who are having a child with a new s*x partner, even if she has had pregnancies in the past without PE. A 2003 study found that the use of barrier contraception before conception increased the risk of PE by 17-fold in women with short s*xual relationships before conception (< 4 months).
Semen can also be exposed to viruses and bacteria. While not overt STDs, these will cause immune system reactions. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma could be involved.
When pathogens are present, the maternal immune system does its job and attacks them (regardless of exposure). They produce compounds that activate the maternal immune system, induce blood clotting, and change the uteroplacental interface.
Wanna read more, check the Link in bio