06/27/2021
In Europe leeches are used live for the treatment of many diseases, notably arthritis, sprains, chronic pain, as well as a multitude of other conditions. Although nowadays mostly used dry in China, leeches have also been applied live as recorded by LI Shi Zhen in his famous Compendium of Materia Medica Ben Cao Gang Mu. Below the translation of the Chinese text:
The authentic medicinal materials of Shandong Weishan Lake 【Leech】
【Name】Leech
【Category】 Animal
[Source] The dried body of the leech Whitmania pigra Whitman, the leech Hirudo nipponica Whitman, or the willow leech Whit-mania acranulata Whitman. Catch in summer and autumn, scald to death with boiling water, dry in the sun or dry at low temperature.
[Place of Origin] Produced in most areas of China.
[Character] L**h: It is flat spindle-shaped, with many links, 4~10cm long and 0.5~2cm wide. The back is dark-brown or black-brown, slightly raised. After soaking in water, black spots are arranged in 5 vertical stripes; the abdomen is flat and brown. Both sides are brownish-yellow, the front end is slightly pointed, the back end is blunt, with 1 suction cup at each end, the front suction cup is prominent, and the rear suction cup is larger. The texture is brittle, easy to break, and the section is gelatinous. Slightly fishy.
Leech: flat, long, cylindrical, bent and twisted, 2~5cm long and 0.2~0.3cm wide.
Willow leaf leeches: long and flat, 5-12cm long and 0.1-0.5cm wide.
[Quality] The ones with neat strips, small body, dark brown and complete are better.
【Nature and Flavor】Bitter, salty, flat.
【Efficacy】Break blood, expel blood stasis, and relieve menstruation. It is used to treat lumps, blood stasis, amenorrhea, and fall and fall injuries.
【Shandong Weishan Lake Leech Breeding】-------------------------------
"1. Choice of Seed Leech":
Seed leech requires individual hypertrophy, preferably more than 12 grams each. It requires strong mobility, smooth body surface, bright colors and no scars, and the stocking density is 20-25 kg per mu (2000-2500).
"2. incubation":
Leeches (leechs) can generally reproduce and lay eggs at a temperature above 11°C, and they will hatch young leeches in 16-25 days. Keep quiet near the pond during the spawning period. So as not to disturb the egg-laying oil leech (leech), resulting in empty egg cocoons. During the incubation period, avoid walking on the platform and step on the egg cocoons with rabbits. The hatched young leeches can feed on the blood of mussels and snails on their own after 3 days. Therefore, adequate feed should be put in, generally 20 kg of snails and mussels per thousand leeches (leech). Feeding livestock once a week Blood clots for free feeding. But pay attention to clean up blood residue and other remaining food at any time to keep the water clean.
"3. Overwintering":
Leeches (leech) have strong cold tolerance and are generally not easy to freeze to death. Under natural conditions, when the temperature is lower than 10℃, it will stop eating and get into the mud to survive the winter. Artificial breeding can cover straws and other things around the pond to keep warm, and help leeches (leech) to survive the winter naturally. This method saves time and effort, and is suitable for large-scale commercial leeches (leech) breeding. It is also possible to concentrate breeding leeches (leech) to live through the winter in a plastic film shed, and feed them once every half a month. This method allows the leeches (leech) to grow and move normally. When the temperature rises slightly, they can mate and lay eggs.
"4. Natural Enemies and Disease Control Technology":
The main natural enemies of leeches (leech) are voles, frogs, weasels, snakes, etc., which can be trapped by the use of micro power grids for prevention and control and tools. Under normal circumstances, leeches (leech) have strong vitality and are basically disease-free. As long as the water source is not contaminated by chemical fertilizers, pesticides and saline alkaline solutions, the water inlet and outlet are kept unobstructed, the food is fresh, the feed residues are removed in time, and the water is changed frequently. Raise leeches (leech), otherwise skin diseases and intestinal diseases may occur.
"5. Fishing and Processing":
Seed leeches raised in early spring can produce young leeches from April to May, and can grow into commercial leeches for processing and sale from September to October. Tie into small bundles with straw crops such as straw, soak them in animal blood and put them in the pond. After the leeches (leech) smell it, they will gather on the bales, remove them, and bury them with lime. After 20 minutes, When it dies, take it out and dry it or mix it with plant ash and dry it. Dry products are required to be clean, tidy and free of impurities. The whole leech (leech) is naturally flat, with a slightly raised back, brittle and easy to break, and the cross section is gelatinous and shiny. Under normal circumstances, 800-1000 kilograms of finished products can be collected per mu (500-600 kilograms for dry products).
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