07/27/2025
What is Chan/Zen?
Chan ็ฆช (Zen in Japanese) originated in China and was influenced by Buddhism and Tao philosophy. Yet, it stands out in its unique approach and understanding. Chan flourished during the Tang (618โ906 AD) and Song (960โ1279 AD) dynasties, profoundly shaping Chinese poetry and aesthetics with its emphasis on simplicity, and the influence later extended to Japanese culture.
Here, weโll explore some concepts of Chan from the teachings of Bodhidharma in the Treatise on the Bloodstream. Note that in this context, Buddha and Buddhahood refer to returning to oneโs natural state.
"Seeing oneโs nature is Chan. If you donโt see true nature, it isnโt Chan." ่ฆๆฌๆง็บ็ฆช๏ผ่ฅไธ่ฆๆฌๆง๏ผๅณ้็ฆชไนใ
At its core, Chan is the state of awakening โ return to oneโs natural state. Itโs not about adopting beliefs or rituals, cultivating states of mind, but shedding everything that obscures your true nature.
โThe Buddhahood of the past and future is conveyed through the mind/heart, not through words.โ ๅไฝๅพไฝ๏ผไปฅๅฟๅณๅฟ๏ผไธ็ซๆๅญใ
โPointing directly to the heart, seeing one's nature, and achieving Buddhahood.โ ็ดๆไบบๅฟ๏ผ่ฆๆงๆไฝใ
Chan is difficult to grasp because itโs a paradigm shift that goes beyond words โ a profound transformation of the mind and its perception of reality, and the natural feelings emerge from the heart. The shift in paradigm results from dismantling the self-framework and discarding beliefs, not through the accumulation of knowledge or spiritual experiences.
Chan acknowledges that everything is an illusion. However, it does not encourage withdrawal from the world. Instead, it encourages questioning through koans and direct inquiry, challenging every assumption and habit of thought to uncover the true nature of reality. Live fully in the world, yet remain unattached - to be in the world, but not of the world.
Seeing one's nature (่ฆๆง) is like dispelling clouds to reveal the sun (ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆๆฅ). The sun is there, just obscured by the clouds. Once the clouds disperse, the sunlight shines through. Similarly, your true nature is Buddhahood, or Buddha nature, merely obscured by false beliefs and frameworks. Once the obstructions are removed, youโre back to the natural state.
Removing everything that obscures the nature of self is not an easy task, nor a pleasant journey. As Chan Master Wumen (็ก้, "gateless") described, it is like swallowing a hot iron ball, unbearably uncomfortable, unable to sit or stand still, forcing oneself to expel all beliefs and impurities. Once all is removed from the system, you will see your true nature, like the water purification process, which removes all impurities to return to the purity of water, its true nature.
To reach the destination, we must pass through gates - but these gates are self-imposed: the beliefs, labels, and frameworks we construct and identify with. For example, one might say, โThese are my beliefs. This is who I am.โ These beliefs often obstruct our view of reality, keeping us away from our natural state.
Awakening is challenging in a way that it alters or shatters one's opinions, way of thinking, belief system, or structure. The brain struggles to comprehend the notion that โthis reality is not real, but a grand illusion.โ What we consider our personality or "personal" preferences may be nothing personal but merely shaped by genetic predispositions, childhood conditioning, or social influence. We are biological organisms dictated by genetic blueprints and limited by the brain's cognitive abilities and perceptions.
Defying conventional understanding, Chan is not about love, compassion, calmness, or even peace. It is solely about pursuing the truth - what is reality? How do we return to our natural state? Love, freedom, and peace are byproducts of this state. Once you relinquish all false beliefs, these qualities naturally emerge, rather than chasing after the projections and imaginations of compassion or peace. Compassion is rooted in the understanding of oneness and unity - we, as humans, heaven and earth, the universe, and consciousness are inseparable. Disturbing your neighbor is disturbing your inner peace. Compassion is not a goal to achieve or chase after. Rather, it is a realization and reciprocity.
Chan is not about meditation or accumulating knowledge, but digging for the truth, being brutally honest with yourself, tearing yourself open, and examining all assumptions and beliefs, leaving no room for contradictions. The koan "kill the Buddha" doesnโt imply physical harm but rather the destruction of deceptive beliefs and false identities. It means sharpening your mind to deconstruct self-imposed frameworks, values, beliefs, and norms.
Chan/Zen is not about cultivating awareness, silencing thoughts, or practicing meditation to achieve a state of emptiness. Itโs about removing all beliefs and frameworks so you can return to your natural state.
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