08/22/2024
๐ค๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฐ๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐ป, ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ก๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฎ๐น๐น๐ ๐ข๐ฐ๐ฐ๐๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐๐น๐ฎ๐๐ผ๐ป๐ผ๐ถ๐ฑ ๐๐ฒ๐ต๐ถ๐ป๐ฑ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐+๐ค ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ป๐ผ๐น๐๐๐ถ๐ฐ ๐ง๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ฃ๐ผ๐ฝ๐๐น๐ฎ๐ฟ ๐+๐ค ๐ ๐ถ๐บ๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐ฐ ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐บ๐๐น๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป, ๐ก๐๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐บ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ด๐ฒ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฒยฎ, ๐๐
๐ต๐ถ๐ฏ๐ถ๐๐ ๐ฏ๐ผ๐๐ต ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ป๐ผ๐น๐๐๐ถ๐ฐ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ป๐ผ๐บ๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ต๐ถ๐ฐ ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ผ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐๐ถ๐ฒ๐. ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ป ๐๐ฏ๐ผ๐๐ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฎ๐ป๐ถ๐๐บ๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ต๐ถ๐ป๐ฑ ๐๐ต๐ถ๐ ๐จ๐ป๐ถ๐พ๐๐ฒ ๐๐ผ๐บ๐ฝ๐ผ๐๐ป๐ฑ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ถ๐๐ ๐ฅ๐ผ๐น๐ฒ ๐ถ๐ป ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐บ๐๐น๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐๐ป๐ป๐ผ๐๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ ๐ก๐ฒ๐ ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ป๐ผ๐๐ต๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐๐๐ถ๐ฐ ๐ง๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ ๐๐ผ ๐๐บ๐ฝ๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ฒ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐น๐๐ต๐๐ฝ๐ฎ๐ป ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐๐ถ๐ณ๐ฒ๐๐ฝ๐ฎ๐ป
Quercetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid found in many fruits, vegetables, grains, and leaves, and is also found abundantly in onions, apples, berries, and tea. It's celebrated for its potent antioxidant properties, which combat oxidative stress and inflammation, key contributors to aging and chronic diseases. [1] Human and animal experiments have provided supportive evidence for the neuroprotective effects of quercetin, either against neurotoxic chemicals or in various models of neuronal injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, quercetin is combined with the anti-cancer drug Dasatinib to formulate the groundbreaking D+Q senolytic treatment.
It is hypothesized that quercetin may act by having both a direct antioxidant effect, and might stimulate our cellular defenses against oxidative stress. It is thought to accomplish this by inducing the Nrf2-ARE and PON2 signaling pathways. Additionally, Surtuin (SIRT1) activation by quercetin has been shown to induce autophagy, the process by which the proteasome enzyme acts as the body's own clean-up crew, breaking down and destroying old, damaged, or abnormal cells, also known as senescent cells. [1]
As we get older, our immune system slows down, leading to an accumulation of these senescent cells. They can impair the function of healthy cells, affecting our resilience to stress and illness. Cellular senescence is a major driver of age-related chronic disease and geriatric syndromes, including cognitive decline. Senotherapeutics are a rapidly emerging treatment within the field of anti-aging research, designed to target and eliminate senescent cells, and support the regeneration of new tissue. Senotherapeutics are divided into two classes, senolytics and senomorphics. [2]
Senolytics can selectively target and kill senescent cells. The majority of known senolytics, for example, Dasatinib + Quercetin (D+Q), eliminate these cells by targeting critical enzymes associated with pro-survival and anti-apoptic (anti cell death) mechanisms, specifically the Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Senolytics have demonstrated the ability to alleviate many chronic ailments such as atherosclerosis and liver fibrosis, providing a measurable increase in healthspan. Several natural compounds, such as Fisetin, Curcumin, and Piperlogumine share these properties, through targeting various signaling pathways. [2]
Alternatively, senomorphics can reduce the inflammatory signaling secreted by damaged cells. They target different enzymes, including NF-kB, IL-1a, MAPK and others. Although senomorphics are less popular than senolytics, they may be a preferred method of intervention, as senescent cells are also implicated in processes such as wound healing and development. [2] Several senomorphic compounds, such as Rapamycin, which targets mTOR, Nrf2, and NF-kB, and Metformin, which also targets mTOR, and activates AMPK, are thought to have powerful anti-aging properties. Rapamycin is the only known compound that has demonstrated the ability to extend lifespan in all mammals. [3]
A fascinating aspect of Quercetin is that it shares both senolytic, and senomorphic properties. Its senomorphic action comes from its ability to activate proteasomes. These are barrel-shaped protein complexes that break down unwanted cells. When a protein is marked for destruction, enzymes patrol the cell and tag it with a chemical marker that the proteasome recognizes. The proteasome then unfolds the protein, stuffs it into a chamber, and cuts it into pieces that the cell can reuse to make new proteins. [4] Quercetinโs status as a senolytic comes from its ability to inhibit the SRC family kinase (SRC, FYN, LYN), BCL-2, PI3K isoform, and AKT kinase enzymes. AKT signaling pathways also play an important part in aging and anti-aging, and studies have shown that treatment with an AKT inhibitor can contribute greatly to increasing longevity. [5]
D+Q, the combination of Dastinib and Quercetin was first discovered from a hypothsesis-driven study. D+Q induces the reduction of abnormal cells by targeting specific cells called SCAPs, a pro-inflammatory type of stem cell released by senescent cells. [2] Early research demonstrated its ability to mitigate age-related dysfunction in mice. In 2019, the first human clinical trial revealed that D+Q can also significantly reduce age-related declines in humans. [6] The combination has also demonstrated therapeutic potential in managing long COVID-19 symptoms. Additional trials are underway, exploring D+Q's vast potential, including the moderation of Alzheimer's disease progression. [7]
The idea behind NEUROmergenceยฎ, a new senolytic formulation developed by MDS Labsยฎ, was to create a natural, phytochemical mimetic of Dasatinb, to be combined with Quercetin for its powerful senotherapeutic properties. NEUROmergenceยฎ would be better tolerated, due to the known safety profile of natural compounds, especially in comparison to D+Q. Also, the formulation could be widely available to the general public without a prescription. Through Western blotting, Dasatinibโs predominant kinase enzyme targets were discovered as BCR-Abl, SRC Family (SRC, LCK, HCK, FYN, YES, FGR, BLK, LYN, and FRK), c-KIT (PI3K, AKT, JAK2, STAT3, MAPK), CSF1R, BCL-2, CDK2, and PDGFR (ฮฑ and ฮฒ). Once again, by utilizing Western blotting, seven natural compounds were then identified that can target a similar range of protein kinases, in addition to promoting AMPK activation. A 2015 study indicated that activation of AMPK itself can successfully delay aging. [8] Ultimately, the combination demonstrated significant inhibitory potential towards BCR-Abl, SRC Family (SRC, FYN, and LYN), c-KIT (PI3K, AKT, JAK2, STAT3, MAPK), CSF1R, Bcl-2, CDK2, and PDGFRฮฒ pathways.
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