08/05/2024
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses.
Types:
There are four main types: A, B, C, and D. Types A and B are most common and cause seasonal epidemics.
Symptoms:
Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, fatigue, and sometimes vomiting and diarrhea.
Transmission:
The flu spreads through droplets when infected people cough, sneeze, or talk. It can also spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus.
Incubation Period:
Symptoms typically appear 1-4 days after exposure to the virus.
Contagious Period:
People with the flu are most contagious in the first 3-4 days after their illness begins.
Prevention:
Annual vaccination is the most effective way to prevent the flu. Other measures include frequent hand washing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and covering coughs and sneezes.
Complications:
Severe cases can lead to complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections, and worsening of chronic medical conditions.
Treatment:
Antiviral medications can treat the flu. These are most effective when taken within 48 hours of symptom onset. Supportive care includes rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms.
High-Risk Groups:
Children under 5, adults over 65, pregnant women, and individuals with chronic health conditions are at higher risk for severe illness and complications.
Epidemiology:
Flu activity varies by season and can be unpredictable. It typically peaks during the winter months.
Public Health Impact:
The flu can lead to significant healthcare costs, lost productivity, and mortality.
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