06/02/2025
Ten pounds and a true knot in the cord! Babies are built to be born. Ever wonder why they can have a knot in the cord and still be just fine? Wharton’s jelly is a specialized connective tissue found within the umbilical cord, and it plays a crucial role in protecting the blood vessels (two arteries and one vein) that carry oxygen and nutrients between the placenta and the baby.
How Wharton’s Jelly Cushions the Umbilical Cord:
Gelatinous, Shock-Absorbing Matrix
Wharton’s jelly has a soft, jelly-like consistency made up of mucopolysaccharides (like hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate), which makes it resilient and compressible. This gel-like matrix cushions the vessels, preventing them from being compressed by external pressure or movements.
Elasticity and Structural Support
The jelly gives the cord elasticity and flexibility, allowing it to stretch and bend without kinking or collapsing. Even when the cord is coiled or forms a knot, the jelly maintains the shape and spacing of the blood vessels, reducing the chance of blood flow being cut off.
Prevents Vessel Collapse in Knots
In the case of a true knot (an actual looping and tightening of the cord), Wharton’s jelly can help keep the knot loose or prevent full occlusion of the vessels. It acts like a buffer, so mild to moderate knots typically don’t obstruct blood flow.
Resistance to Compression
Wharton’s jelly provides turgor pressure—it resists being compressed under pressure, much like how cartilage protects joints. This is vital in the womb, where the cord may be subject to pressure from fetal movements, uterine contractions, or positioning.
Summary:
Wharton’s jelly cushions the umbilical cord by acting as a gel-like, protective buffer around the blood vessels. It prevents compression and kinking, ensuring consistent blood flow to the fetus, even when the cord is bent, twisted, or knotted. While severe or tightly pulled knots can still pose a risk, Wharton’s jelly makes many such situations harmless by design.