03/28/2026
I joke with my female clients sometimes that they must have upset the man upstairs somehow.
After all, they are the ones who experience menstruation cycles, pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum hormonal shifts, and eventually the endocrine turbulence of perimenopause and menopause. The humor usually lands because there is a shared understanding behind it. And if we are being honest, if men had to experience even one of those physiologic realities, there is a good chance we would be protesting in the streets by lunchtime.
The joke works because it highlights something that is clinically obvious but strangely under-discussed in psychiatry. Hormonal transitions are among the most powerful biological forces affecting mood, sleep, cognition, irritability, energy, and overall functioning. Yet the field has historically treated hormones as though they sit adjacent to psychiatry rather than squarely within it.
That disconnect does not make much sense from a biological standpoint. We routinely discuss neurotransmitters, glutamate signaling, neuroplasticity, and circuit dynamics when we talk about mental health. At the same time, conversations about estrogen, progesterone, and endocrine transitions across the female lifespan often become hesitant or simplified in ways that do not reflect their real neurobiological influence.
That tension pushed me to write the newest issue of The Neuropsychiatry Brief.
In Edition 11, I explore the relationship between hormones, mood, and risk during the menopause transition, along with persistent misconceptions surrounding hormone replacement therapy and cancer risk. The modern literature suggests something far more nuanced than the flattened narratives many clinicians still carry from earlier training. Perimenopausal women show a measurable increase in risk for depressive symptoms, but that vulnerability is not universal and tends to concentrate among those with prior depression, severe vasomotor symptoms, sleep disruption, or significant psychosocial stressors.
The conversation around hormone therapy itself has also evolved. The idea that “hormones cause cancer” does not accurately reflect the complexity of the data. Contemporary guidance emphasizes that risk varies depending on formulation, timing relative to menopause, route of administration, and duration of therapy.
None of this means hormones are a universal antidepressant. But it does mean that if hormonal shifts can meaningfully alter sleep, stress tolerance, cognition, and emotional regulation, then they are not peripheral to psychiatry. They are part of the biology shaping the clinical picture sitting across from us in the exam room.
The full discussion is explored in the newest issue of The Neuropsychiatry Brief.
When we talked previously about postpartum depression, we were really talking about one of psychiatry’s recurring blind spots: we are often comfortable discussing neurotransmitters, circuits, and symptom scales, but far less comfortable discussing hormones with the same seriousness. That is a mist...