08/26/2025
Understanding Common Eyelid Cancers
Your eyelids play a vital role in protecting your eyes, but like any other part of your skin, theyâre susceptible to cancer. While eyelid cancers are relatively rare, theyâre important to recognize because early detection and treatment can make a significant difference in outcomes. Letâs explore the most common types of eyelid cancers, their warning signs, and what steps you can take to stay informed and protected.
The Most Common Types of Eyelid Cancers
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
What It Is: The most common type of eyelid cancer, accounting for about 90% of cases.
What It Looks Like: A pearly or waxy bump that may be crusty, bleed, or not heal.
What Causes It: UV exposure is a major factor.
How Itâs Treated: Surgical removal is the most common treatment, often using Mohs surgery to preserve as much healthy tissue as possible.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
What It Is: Less common than BCC but more aggressive.
What It Looks Like: A red, scaly patch or sore that doesnât heal, or a firm, raised bump.
What Causes It: UV exposure and a history of sunburns are significant risks.
How Itâs Treated: Surgical removal is key, and more advanced cases may require additional treatments like radiation.
Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma
What It Is: A rare but serious cancer that arises from the oil glands in the eyelid.
What It Looks Like: A thickened, yellowish area that might be mistaken for a stye or chalazion.
What Causes It: The exact cause is unknown, but it tends to occur more frequently in older adults.
How Itâs Treated: Surgery is the primary treatment, often followed by radiation therapy.
Melanoma
What It Is: A rare but very aggressive form of cancer that develops in the pigment-producing cells.
What It Looks Like: A dark, irregularly shaped spot or mole that changes in size or color.
What Causes It: UV exposure and genetic factors.
How Itâs Treated: Treatment may involve surgery, radiation, and in some cases, immunotherapy.
Warning Signs to Watch For
Eyelid cancers can often be mistaken for benign conditions like styes or chalazia. Itâs crucial to know the signs that warrant a closer look:
A bump or sore that doesnât heal.
Bleeding or crusting of a lesion.
Changes in the appearance of a mole or spot.
Loss of eyelashes or distortion of the eyelid shape.
Persistent redness, swelling, or irritation.
How Eyelid Cancers Are Diagnosed
If your eye doctor suspects an eyelid cancer, theyâll perform a thorough examination, which may include:
Visual Inspection: Using magnification to assess the lesion.
Biopsy: A small sample of tissue is taken and sent to a lab for analysis.
Imaging: Advanced imaging may be used to check for deeper involvement or spread.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the type and stage of the cancer, but the most common approaches include:
Surgical Removal: Techniques like Mohs surgery allow for precise removal while preserving healthy tissue.
Radiation Therapy: Used for cancers that are not completely removed surgically or for patients who arenât surgical candidates.
Cryotherapy: Freezing cancerous cells may be an option for some small lesions.
Reconstruction: In cases where surgery affects the eyelid structure, reconstructive procedures ensure proper eyelid function and appearance.
Protecting Yourself Against Eyelid Cancer
Prevention and early detection are key. Hereâs what you can do:
Protect Your Eyes from UV Exposure: Wear sunglasses that block 100% of UV rays and apply sunscreen around your eyes.
Monitor Your Skin: Keep an eye on any changes in your eyelid area, such as new growths or changes to existing spots.
Schedule Regular Eye Exams: Your eye doctor can catch potential issues early, often before symptoms become noticeable.
Be Sun-Smart: Avoid excessive sun exposure and seek shade during peak hours.
Final Thoughts
Eyelid cancer may not be the first thing you think about when it comes to eye health, but staying informed can help you catch it early or even prevent it altogether. If youâve noticed any unusual changes to your eyelids or have concerns, donât waitâschedule an appointment with your eye doctor today. Early action makes all the difference.
