JAMA Oncology

JAMA Oncology JAMA Oncology is a member of the JAMA Network, a consortium of peer-reviewed publications.

Relabeling grade group 1 as precancerous was predicted to decrease US mortality, with six times more deaths avoided th...
05/24/2026

Relabeling grade group 1 as precancerous was predicted to decrease US mortality, with six times more deaths avoided through increased screening than caused by reduced surveillance adherence. https://ja.ma/4uosYLV

A national cohort study of more than 520,000 US solid organ transplant recipients assessed the risk of posttransplant ca...
05/24/2026

A national cohort study of more than 520,000 US solid organ transplant recipients assessed the risk of posttransplant cancer in those with a history of pretransplant cancer.

The analysis found that solid organ transplant recipients with pretransplant cancer had significantly elevated risks of developing posttransplant cancer of the same type especially breast, lung, kidney, urinary bladder, liver, colorectum, and melanoma, compared to those without such history, even after adjusting for age, s*x, and organ type.

Patterns of risk sometimes differed from those observed in the general population, and additional associations were identified between distinct cancer types pre- and posttransplant. https://ja.ma/4v4w4EY

A dose-reduced preoperative radiotherapy regimen (36 Gy in 18 fractions) for liposarcoma offered high local control and ...
05/23/2026

A dose-reduced preoperative radiotherapy regimen (36 Gy in 18 fractions) for liposarcoma offered high local control and low rates of major late toxic effects in a phase 2 trial, supporting use in eligible patients.

https://ja.ma/42Rxvug

Among patients with advanced solid tumors in the Australian Molecular Screening and Therapeutic program, genomic therapy...
05/23/2026

Among patients with advanced solid tumors in the Australian Molecular Screening and Therapeutic program, genomic therapy matching based on a tiered evidence framework was associated with improved overall survival when the biomarker-drug pair was supported by prospective clinical trial evidence.

Patients receiving genomically matched therapy with clinical trial–level evidence had a median overall survival of 21.2 months vs 12.8 months for unmatched therapy. No survival benefit was observed for treatments matched using investigational or repurposed evidence (tiers 3B/4).

These findings support prioritizing matched therapies according to the strength of evidence, highlighting the value of structured frameworks to guide precision oncology decisions for patients with rare and refractory cancers. https://ja.ma/4wHVjhK

A decision analytical model evaluated the impact of relabeling low-grade (grade group 1) as a precancerous condition o...
05/22/2026

A decision analytical model evaluated the impact of relabeling low-grade (grade group 1) as a precancerous condition on mortality in the US.

The model indicated that relabeling would result in a net reduction in prostate cancer deaths, with approximately six times more deaths avoided due to increased screening than caused by decreased adherence to active surveillance protocols.

Across all reasonable scenarios, relabeling led to fewer prostate cancer deaths, supporting potential public health benefits of such a policy change. https://ja.ma/4uz5uni

In a multicenter, randomized phase 3 clinical trial, among patients with with peritoneal metastasis, adding intraperit...
05/21/2026

In a multicenter, randomized phase 3 clinical trial, among patients with with peritoneal metastasis, adding intraperitoneal paclitaxel to intravenous paclitaxel plus S-1 resulted in significantly longer overall survival compared with intravenous paclitaxel plus S-1 alone.

Median overall survival was 19.4 months vs 13.9 months, and progression-free survival was also extended. Rates of grade 3 or 4 adverse events were similar between treatment groups, with no treatment-related deaths.

These findings demonstrate the feasibility and survival benefit of intraperitoneal paclitaxel in this population; however, further research is needed to clarify its role alongside current chemoimmunotherapy standards. https://ja.ma/4dT2mge

From 2003 to 2022, the percentage of cases diagnosed at early stage in the US increased from 17.6% to 30.1%, with the ...
05/16/2026

From 2003 to 2022, the percentage of cases diagnosed at early stage in the US increased from 17.6% to 30.1%, with the sharpest gains following the introduction of USPSTF recommendations for lung cancer screening in 2013 and Medicare coverage in 2015.

Analysis of over 4.3 million new cases showed steady increases beginning in 2016 across all age groups and all states, with early-stage diagnosis rates more than doubling in several states. By 2022, early-stage diagnoses ranged from 22.0% to 40.2% by state.

Despite this progress, fewer than one in five eligible adults report being up to date with screening, indicating ongoing gaps in uptake and the need for enhanced public and clinician awareness to further increase early detection.

https://ja.ma/4tAhx2r

A prospective UK Biobank cohort study assessed the interplay of modifiable and genetic risk factors for across age gro...
05/16/2026

A prospective UK Biobank cohort study assessed the interplay of modifiable and genetic risk factors for across age groups. The study found that the association of modifiable risk factors—including smoking, excessive alcohol intake, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, overweight, diabetes, and pancreatitis—with pancreatic cancer was strongest among adults younger than 60 years.

A high modifiable risk score was associated with a more pronounced increase in risk among those with high genetic risk (polygenic risk score), with additive interaction observed primarily in participants

In a phase 2 nonrandomized clinical trial, reduced-dose preoperative radiotherapy (36 Gy in 18 daily fractions) for myxo...
05/16/2026

In a phase 2 nonrandomized clinical trial, reduced-dose preoperative radiotherapy (36 Gy in 18 daily fractions) for myxoid liposarcoma of the extremity and trunk yielded a 97.4% local recurrence-free survival rate at 5 years, with a favorable toxicity profile.

Among 87 patients who underwent surgery, wound complications requiring intervention and grade 2 or higher late toxic effects were observed in 16% and 18% of patients, respectively, and grade 3 toxic effects were rare.

These findings indicate that a reduced radiotherapy dose is safe and appropriate for shared decision-making in this patient population given the impracticality of large-scale randomized trials for rare cancers.



https://ja.ma/4dxStTZ

First-line CDK4/6 inhibitor use did not improve overall survival vs second-line use in advanced hormone receptor–positiv...
05/14/2026

First-line CDK4/6 inhibitor use did not improve overall survival vs second-line use in advanced hormone receptor–positive, ERBB2-negative and increased grade ≥3 adverse events.

https://ja.ma/4uNVMgJ

First-line CDK4/6 inhibitor use did not improve overall survival vs second-line use in advanced hormone receptor–positiv...
05/13/2026

First-line CDK4/6 inhibitor use did not improve overall survival vs second-line use in advanced hormone receptor–positive, ERBB2-negative and increased grade ≥3 adverse events.

https://ja.ma/42vGUro

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