03/01/2026
Part 1 of the History of Resurrection City:
“We ought to come in mule carts, in old trucks, any kind of transportation people can get their hands on,” said Dr. King. “People ought to come to Washington, sit down if necessary in the middle of the street and say, ‘We are here; we are poor; we don’t have any money; you have made us this way…and we’ve come to stay until you do something about it.’”
- Dr. Martin Luther King Last Speech Before His Untimely Death Due For Love of The American People.
Resurrection City was a 16-acre, 42-day protest encampment on the National Mall from May 15 to June 24, 1968, where ~3,000 people lived in 3,000 tents to demand economic justice, including a guaranteed living wage and employment. Led by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) after Martin Luther King Jr.’s assassination, the tent city aimed to make poverty visible.
Situated south of the Reflecting Pool between the Lincoln Memorial and the current World War II Memorial site.
It included wooden shelters, a mess tent, city hall, and a school. The Reverend Jesse Jackson served as the "mayor" of the camp. Reverend Jackson actually lived for the whole 42 days. Living on-site allowed him to manage the camp's daily internal government, oversee security "marshals," and mediate between the different ethnic and culture groups staying there.
The campaign brought together a diverse group of poor people from across the country, including Appalachian whites, Native Americans, Chicanos, and African Americans.
The camp experienced heavy rain, turning it into a "City of Mud". The "Solidarity Day" rally on June 19, 1968, brought over 50,000 people to support the cause.
While the camp had rudimentary plumbing, electricity, and its own ZIP code (20013), the constant dampness led to concerns about sanitation and illness. Protesters shared the space with mosquitoes and faced sweltering D.C. humidity.
Despite the mess, it operated as a real town with a "Soul Tent" for entertainment, a psychiatrist, a barbershop, a daycare, and a "University of Resurrection City" where activists held workshops.
While immediate legislative gains were limited, the campaign successfully highlighted poverty, leading to increased food programs and welfare improvements shortly after.
However the camp suffered from leadership disputes, racial tensions, and a departure from Dr. King’s strict vision of non-violence among some residents after his death.
The dispute where between whom had real meanful authority of so many diverse people evolved to a clash facilitate by the city and government. Walter Washington was the actual Mayor of the District of Columbia at the time; he was the one who eventually declared the State of Emergency when the camp was cleared.
Appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967, Washington was the first African American to lead a major U.S. city.
Unlike many city leaders of the era, Washington was known for a moderate and calm approach. During the riots following Dr. King's assassination in April 1968, he famously refused to issue a "shoot to kill" order for looters, despite pressure from FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover.
Under COINTELPRO, the FBI monitored and disrupted the campaign by placing "paid infiltrators" inside the camp. The FBI used smear tactics to spread rumors that "militants" were planning violence, which heightened tension between the campers and the police.
SCLC leader Ralph Abernathy explicitly accused the police and federal agents of using infiltrators to provoke the very rock-throwing and violence that authorities then used as a reason to clear the camp.
J. Edgar Hoover's FBI was the primary architect of the subversion that destabilized the camp from within.
Lawmakers and authorities were already on edge following the widespread riots that occurred across over 90 cities after Martin Luther King Jr.’s assassination just two months prior.
The encampment was forced to close on June 24, 1968, following the expiration of their permit and a final, tense police action.
Around 1,000 to 2,000 police officers in riot gear (protective helmets and nightsticks) surrounded and "stormed" the camp. Most residents were away marching at the Department of Agriculture or the Capitol at the time.
While the initial clearing of the camp took less than 90 minutes, clashes occurred nearby. Police fired tear gas canisters to disperse crowds, and some protesters reportedly threw rocks in response.
More than 288 people were arrested at the site, and campaign leader Ralph Abernathy was arrested separately while leading a sit-in at the Capitol.
📷 John Houston