02/17/2026
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are widely prescribed for hypertension, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), ischemic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are widely prescribed for hypertension, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), ischemic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease. Their perioperative management remains controversial because of competing concerns regarding cardiovascular...