08/05/2025
Bio glass is an exciting new invention in foot and ankle surgery, replacing bone grafting that requires bone harvesting from the patient. But what is bio glass and what are the advantages of using it?
Bioactive glass, a synthetic material that mimics natural bone composition, is increasingly used in foot and ankle surgery for various applications. Its key benefits stem from its ability to:
Bond with living bone: Bioactive glass forms a strong, stable connection with bone tissue, aiding in the integration of implants and promoting regeneration.
Stimulate bone regeneration (osteostimulation/osteoproduction): ResearchGate explains that this occurs as the glass releases ions that stimulate bone-forming cells and activate genes involved in bone growth.
Support blood vessel growth (angiogenesis): Some bioactive glasses can stimulate the formation of new blood vessels, crucial for tissue healing and delivery of nutrients.
Exhibit antibacterial properties: The release of ions and changes in pH around the glass can create an environment that inhibits bacterial growth, potentially reducing the risk of infection.
Here are some specific applications of bioactive glass in the foot and ankle:
Bone graft substitute
Bioactive glass serves as an effective alternative to traditional bone grafts (autograft or allograft), offering a readily available option without the need for additional surgery.
It provides a scaffold for new bone formation, improving bone regeneration and accelerating healing.
Studies have shown that adding bioactive glass to bone substitutes can enhance their effectiveness and bone healing properties, potentially rivaling results from autografting.
Treating bone defects and infections
Bioactive glass can fill bone defects, promoting integration and providing structural support.
It's a promising tool for treating conditions like chronic osteomyelitis, particularly in diabetic foot osteomyelitis, where it helps eradicate infection and preserve the limb.
Successful staged limb-salvage treatment for chronic ankle osteomyelitis has been reported, combining tibiocalcaneal fusion with bioactive glass.
Foot and ankle arthrodesis (joint fusion)
Bioactive glass, sometimes combined with bone marrow aspirate, is used to supplement hindfoot arthrodesis, especially in patients with risk factors for delayed union or nonunion.
Studies have shown union rates comparable to autograft and other bone graft substitute options.
Important considerations
Patient selection is crucial for successful outcomes, especially in complex cases like diabetic foot osteomyelitis.
Potential complications can arise, such as issues with vascularization and skin coverage, requiring a multidisciplinary approach.
Further research, including randomized controlled trials, continues to explore the full potential and refine the use of bioactive glass in foot and ankle applications.
Key takeaway
Bioactive glass is a valuable material in foot and ankle surgery, offering an effective and biocompatible option for bone grafting, treating infections, and promoting bone regeneration, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional. AI responses may include mistakes.