01/23/2023
Good morning and welcome to “Did You Know Monday!”
Feral, stray, and pet cats are all members of the same species; they are all domestic cats. But stray cats and feral cats are also different from each other in a very important wayin their relationship to and interactions with people.
Whether you are a shelter worker, veterinarian, or cat advocateor you just share your neighborhood with community cats knowing how to tell the difference can help inform how best to interact with a cat or what, if any, intervention would be in each cat’s best interest.
What is the difference between a stray cat and a feral cat?
*Pet and stray cats are socialized to people.
*Feral cats are not socialized to people. While they are socialized to their feline family members and bonded to each other, they do not have that same relationship with people.
Stray:
A stray cat is a cat who lived indoors and was socialized to people at some point in her life, but has left or lost her home, or was abandoned, and no longer has regular human contact.
Over time, a stray cat can become feral as her contact with humans dwindles.
A stray cat may be socialized enough to allow people to touch her, but she will become less socializedor even feralif she spends too much time without positive interaction with humans.
Under the right circumstances, a stray cat can also become a pet cat once again. Stray cats that are re-introduced to an indoor home after living outdoors may require a period of time to re-acclimate; they may be frightened and wary after spending time outside away from people.
Feral:
A feral cat is an unsocialized outdoor cat who has either never had any physical contact with humans, or human contact has diminished over enough time that she is no longer accustomed to it. Most feral cats are fearful or people and are not likely to ever become a lap cat or enjoy living indoors.
Kittens born to feral cats can be socialized at an early age and adopted into indoor homes.
Alley Cat Allies does not, in general, recommend trying to socialize a feral kitten over 4 months of age. Socializing is time consuming, especially for older kittens, and results are not guaranteed. Learn more about socializing kittens.
Why does it matter?
Understanding the many degrees of socialization cats can exhibit will help you determine the best way to care for, help, and protect them.
Stray cats can readjust to living with people and may be good candidates for adoption into indoor homes if people have the time and means to foster and adopt.
Stray and feral cats can be difficult to tell apart, especially when they are trapped or frightened. Scared stray cats often need time to relax and show their level of socialization.
Adult feral cats are not socialized to people, which means they cannot be adopted to indoor homes. As a result, they are likely to be killed if picked up by animal control or brought to shelters, so it is in their best interest to continue living outdoors.
Trap-Neuter-Return saves feral cats’ lives, and benefits all community cats, regardless of their level of socialization. Cats who are part of TNR programs are humanely trapped, scanned for microchips, spayed or neutered, vaccinated, eartipped and microchipped (if they don’t already have one). Stray cats who are thriving and don’t have microchips indicating they are lost can be returned to their outdoor home or fostered and adopted.
How do I tell the difference when the cats are outdoors?
Since it is difficult to determine each cat’s socialization during a stressful event such as trapping, it’s a good idea to observe cats on their own outdoors using the guidelines below.
NOTE: There is a lot of variation on the Socialization Continuum. Cats may not fit solidly in either socialized-stray or unsocialized-feral categories.
Socialization to Humans
Stray: May approach people, houses, porches, or cars
Feral: Will not approach and will likely seek hiding places to avoid people
Socialization to Other Cats
Stray: Will likely live alone, not part of a group
Feral: May belong to a colony
Body Language
Stray: Might walk and move like a house cat, such as walking with tail up, a sign of friendliness. Will probably look at you, blink, or make eye contact.
Feral: May crawl, crouch, stay low to the ground, and protect body with tail. Unlikely to make eye contact.
Vocalization
Stray: May be vocal, meow, or “answer” your voice
Feral: Won’t meow, beg or purr
Schedule
Stray: Will be visible primarily during the daytime
Feral: More likely to be nocturnal; occasionally out during the day
Physical Appearance
Stray: Will probably be dirty or disheveled; will not have an eartip.
Feral: Will probably have a clean, well-kept coat. A male with a big head and thick neck, muscular body, and/or scars from fighting is more likely to be feral, since these are traits associated with intact males (and only 2% of feral cats are neutered in the U.S.) He may also have a spiky coat from high testosterone levels and less time spent grooming; may also have “stud tail”hair loss, greasiness, or bumps at the base of the tail due to hormones. Will likely have an eartip if neutered as part of a TNR program.
As cute as those outdoor cats that you see or even feed daily, may be, if you have the urge to want to bring one in to keep, call your vet or a shelter first to see what they recommend. If you see a cat that appears to be a lost pet, call your local police station, also, because someone might have called them with a missing cat report.