11/29/2025
Understanding IRMAA: How Your Income Affects Medicare & Social Security Costs — And How to Avoid Surprises
By William Gray – “The Medicare Dude”
29-Year Medicare Specialist | Nationwide Medicare Broker
Phone: 904-460-8120 | TheMedicareDude.com
When planning for retirement, most people focus on their Social Security benefits, Medicare coverage, and savings. What many don’t realize is that their Medicare costs can rise significantly because of something called IRMAA — the Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount.
IRMAA is an additional charge added to your Medicare Part B and Part D premiums if your income rises above certain levels. Understanding how IRMAA works can save retirees hundreds—even thousands—of dollars each year.
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What Is IRMAA?
IRMAA is a surcharge added to your monthly Medicare premiums when your income exceeds specific thresholds set by Medicare.
Medicare always uses a two-year look-back.
Your 2026 Medicare premiums are based on your 2024 tax return.
This means financial decisions you made two years ago directly affect your Medicare costs today.
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How IRMAA Impacts Your Social Security Check
If you receive Social Security benefits, Medicare deducts your Part B and Part D premiums automatically.
When IRMAA applies, your monthly Social Security deposit becomes smaller, because Medicare takes the additional IRMAA surcharge directly out of your benefit.
You may see:
A reduced monthly Social Security payment
A notice explaining the increased premium
Occasional double deductions when IRMAA begins mid-year
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What IRMAA Applies To
IRMAA only affects:
Medicare Part B premiums
Medicare Part D (drug plan) premiums
It does not affect:
Medicare Supplement (Medigap) premiums
Medicare Advantage plan premiums
Taxes or tax brackets
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What Counts as Income for IRMAA (MAGI)?
IRMAA is based on Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) — and Medicare counts a lot more than people expect.
Here’s what’s included:
1. Home Sales
Profits above the IRS home-sale exclusion count toward MAGI.
Downsizing often triggers a one-year IRMAA spike.
2. Sales of Stocks, Bonds, Mutual Funds
Capital gains — even if reinvested — are included. This includes:
Selling stocks or bonds
Rebalancing portfolios
Moving between mutual funds
Even routine investment changes can push someone into IRMAA.
3. Withdrawals From Retirement Accounts
Taxable withdrawals from:
IRAs
401(k), 403(b), TSP
Lump sums used to pay off loans, buy vehicles, remodel a home, etc.
All of these count toward IRMAA.
4. Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs)
Once RMDs start, they can easily push retirees above IRMAA thresholds.
5. Rental or Business Income
Continuing to manage a property or side business affects your Medicare costs.
6. Interest, Dividends & CD Income
Passive income still counts toward your total.
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2026 IRMAA Surcharge Ranges
These are the typical IRMAA tiers added to your regular Part B & D premiums:
IRMAA Tier Extra Part B (Monthly) Extra Part D (Monthly) Approx Annual Increase
Tier 1 +$69.90 +$12.90 ~$990/yr
Tier 2 +$174.70 +$33.30 ~$2,500/yr
Tier 3 +$279.50 +$53.80 ~$4,000/yr
Tier 4 +$384.30 +$74.20 ~$5,500/yr
Tier 5 +$419.30 +$81.00 ~$6,000+/yr
For couples, these numbers double.
Over a 20-year retirement, IRMAA can increase costs by $60,000 or more if not planned for.
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How to Avoid or Reduce IRMAA
1. Spread Out Large Withdrawals
Instead of taking a $50,000–$100,000 lump sum, spread withdrawals across several years.
2. Use Roth Accounts
Roth IRA withdrawals do not count toward IRMAA.
Converting before age 63 can protect you later.
3. Time Your Home Sale Strategically
Selling during a year with lower income can avoid triggering a two-year IRMAA penalty.
4. Manage Capital Gains
Avoid selling investments in the same year you take RMDs or large withdrawals.
5. Use Qualified Charitable Distributions (QCDs)
At age 70½ or older, sending IRA money directly to charity:
Reduces taxable income
Satisfies RMDs
Helps avoid IRMAA
6. Appeal IRMAA When Eligible
Medicare allows appeals for qualifying “life-changing events,” such as:
Retirement (work stoppage)
Death of a spouse
Divorce
Loss of income-producing property
Many retirees win these appeals, reducing their premiums.
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Final Thoughts — From The Medicare Dude
IRMAA is one of the biggest hidden costs in retirement, and most retirees don’t realize they triggered it until they see their Social Security check shrink.
With proper planning, you can:
Reduce or avoid IRMAA
Protect your Social Security income
Lower your Medicare costs for life
If you want help reviewing your IRMAA exposure or planning around taxes and income, I’m here to help.
William Gray
The Medicare Dude, LLC
29-Year Medicare Specialist
Phone: 904-460-8120
Website: TheMedicareDude.com
I am an independent licensed insurance agent specializing in Medicare Insurance Solutions. I will answer your questions and clarify the insurance options you have. I will help you avoid common misconceptions and late enrollment penalties. My clients are located all across Florida and the USA, giving...