09/08/2017
"Sunni" sources: •
Tareekh al-Tabari, vol.2 pg. 110
The Islamic calendar is based on the occasion Prophet Muhammad (SAWWS) emigrated from Mecca to Medina. The prophetic emigration took place on the 3rd of Rabi al Awwal– thirteen years after the start of the holy prophetic mission. It is reported that after his arrival in Medina, the Prophet (SAWWS) ordered that the date system be based on the hijra (i.e Rabi al Awwal)
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Tareekh al-Tabari, vol.2 pg. 112
Furthermore, al-Tabari also reports that when Omar wanted to order the date system, he asked, “From which day should we start the calendar?” Imam Ali (AS) who was the most knowledgeable about the Prophetic teachings said to him, “We should start the calendar from the day Allah’s Messenger (SAWWS) emigrated, and left the land of polytheism.”
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Sahih Bukhari , Chapter of History: Title: From when they started counting the date, Hadith 3719:
Sahl ibn Sa’ad Saadi a companion of RasoolAllah (SAWWS) Imam Ali (AS) “ When the date started it did not start from the time when Prophet (SAWWS) received narration nor from the day he died, the date started from when they performed hijra (i.e 1st of Rabi al Awwal)
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Explanation of Sahih Bukhari in Fath Al Baari by Ibn Hajar al Askalani- vol 7, pg. 207
It is like a difference of opinion in this he stated that Al Hakim wrote in an Eklel from Ibn Shahabl Zohri “that the Prophet (SAWWS) when he came to Medina he ordered the people to start the date/year from the 1st Rabi al Awwall”
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Al Hakim reports from Sayyed ibn Musayyab that he said: “Umar gathered the people and asked them which date shall we start the year, Imam Ali (AS) said “From the date when the Prophet migrated and left the land of polytheism” and Umar did that. Later Uthman said “Start from first of Muharram because it is a sacred month and first of year according to the polytheists of Arabia and it is when people come back from Hajj”
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See previous post for references in Shia sources.