04/04/2024
Let's talk about BUG BITES and STINGS, including skin reactions, when to seek medical care, proper at-home care, stinger and tick removal, and insect repellent. 🦟
Bug bites cause red, swollen, itchy, or painful bumps. Fortunately, they usually go away all on their own without problem. To be honest, identifying WHICH bug caused the bite is not very important. 🤷♀️ Knowing what to do and when to get help is key.
Bites and stings result in redness and swelling. This is caused by the body’s normal reaction to insect saliva or venom – it does NOT necessarily mean that your child has an allergy. Swelling may get worse over the first 48 hours and can last for up to a week. ⏳ Redness can persist for several days. Mild reactions to bug bites include sneezing, itchy nose, or even mild hives – Benadryl taken by mouth can be helpful.
Signs of a SERIOUS allergic reaction to a bite or sting include rapid-onset shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, pale skin, fainting, tight throat, trouble breathing, swelling of lips or tongue, severe hives, and/or confusion. These children need a shot of epinephrine ASAP. Call 911 right away. 🚑 Long-term immunotherapy (allergy shots) may be necessary.
You should also seek out medical care if your child has fever for greater than 4 days in a row, confusion, a target-shaped (“bulls-eye”) rash, severe headache, neck stiffness, joint pain/swelling, drooping of the face, body aches, severe belly pain, persistent nausea/vomiting, or concern for dehydration (ie urinating less than 3 times per day). These could be signs of insect-related disease such as Lyme, West Nile, or Zika.
Cellulitis (skin infection) can occur following a bug bite/sting, especially if your child has been aggressively scratching the area. This requires antibiotics. 💊 Symptoms include worsening pain, warmth, redness, tenderness, and swelling that typically occurs at least 2 days AFTER the initial bite/sting. Cellulitis does NOT happen immediately – remember that the immediate inflammatory reaction is normal. With cellulitis, red streaks may appear near the bite, and skin may appear smooth and shiny. Get checked out right away if fever, chills, or swollen lymph nodes develop.
Otherwise, bug bites don’t need any special attention. To relieve pain, you can apply cold packs (for up to 20 minutes at a time) or an occasional dose of Tylenol or ibuprofen. For itching, over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion can be helpful. Benadryl cream can be applied to the skin, but I find that taking it by mouth usually works better. Covering the bite with a bandage may reduce the urge to scratch. I don’t typically recommend antibiotic ointment (given the risk of a secondary skin reaction), but frequent washing with soap and water is wise. 🛀
When dealing with a sting, remove the stinger as soon as possible to prevent ongoing venom release. 🐝 Scrape the little black stinger away with a credit card, then clean the area with rubbing alcohol or soap and water. You can try rubbing baking soda paste (just a mix of baking soda and water) on a sting to neutralize the venom and reduce pain/swelling.
What about ticks? Ticks are commonly found in wooded areas and tall grass. They can hide in the hair or under clothing, so make sure to check your children carefully. When attempting to remove a tick, do not use matches, lighters, or nail polish remover. 🚫 Grasp the tick near the head with tweezers and gently pull straight out. Rest assured that a tick must stay attached for at least 24 hours in order to transmit disease such as Lyme.
Fire ants are common in the southern states. 🐜 Burning pain occurs right away, followed by swelling and redness. Tiny blisters/pimples often appear the next day. Do not pop them. It is normal for bites to remain tender, red, and swollen for several days.
As far as repellent, DEET is my #1 go-to because it’s been around for over 60 years and has been proven safe and effective against a wide range of insects including mosquitoes, biting midges (“no-see-ums”), chiggers, fleas, gnats, and ticks. Brand names include Off, Repel, and Cutter insect sprays.
According to the AAP, DEET products are safe starting at 2 months and up. You can apply 10-30% DEET products directly to exposed skin and clothing, but don’t apply it underneath clothes. The 30% strength will protect for up to 5 hours while the 10% strength lasts roughly 2 hours. Choose the lowest concentration necessary to provide the required duration of protection. ⏱
Other tips to keep insects at bay:
• Avoid scented soaps, perfumes and hairspray.
• Avoid areas where insects congregate such as stagnant pools of water, uncovered food, and gardens where flowers are in bloom.
• If possible, eliminate stagnant water (such as in bird baths, pools, planters, or fish ponds) in your yard. Dump any buckets or tires that contain standing water. 💦 Check that your window screens are tightly fitted and repair any holes to keep bugs out of the house.
• For children less than 2 months old, use mosquito netting with an elastic edge around your stroller or baby carrier.
• When using sprays, do not spray directly into face; spray on hands first and then apply to face, avoiding the eyes and mouth. Apply in a well-ventilated area away from exposed food.
• Do not apply repellent to your child’s hands because they are likely to put their hands in their mouths.
• When bugs are an issue, avoid dressing your child in clothing with bright colors or flowery prints.
• Cover up with long sleeved shirts, pants, and socks to prevent bites at night. Add on a hat to protect against ticks when walking in woods, high grasses, or bushes.
• Don’t forget to check for ticks and wash off once you’re done being outside for the day. 🛀
Feel free to check out my "Insect Repellent" page on Amazon: https://amzn.to/3wWSA9S (affiliate link)
Primary Source: Nguyen Q-BD, Vu M-AN, Hebert AA, Insect Repellents: An Updated Review for the Clinician, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2018)
I hope this helps as you venture outdoors! ❤️