11/09/2024
Here are some common types of Cognitive Distortions:
1. **All-or-Nothing Thinking**: Seeing situations in black-and-white terms, without recognizing any middle ground (e.g., "If I’m not perfect, I’m a failure").
2. **Overgeneralization**: Making broad, sweeping conclusions based on a single event (e.g., "I failed this test, so I’ll fail everything").
3. **Mental Filtering**: Focusing exclusively on negative details while ignoring positive aspects (e.g., dwelling on one critical comment despite receiving praise).
4. **Discounting the Positive**: Rejecting or minimizing positive experiences or achievements (e.g., "They complimented me, but they were just being nice").
5. **Jumping to Conclusions**:
- **Mind Reading**: Assuming you know what others think without evidence (e.g., "They think I’m incompetent").
- **Fortune Telling**: Predicting that things will turn out badly without proof (e.g., "I know I’ll fail the interview").
6. **Catastrophizing**: Expecting the worst possible outcome in any situation (e.g., "If I make one mistake, my whole career will be ruined").
7. **Emotional Reasoning**: Believing that if you feel something, it must be true (e.g., "I feel unworthy, so I must be unworthy").
8. **"Should" Statements**: Setting rigid rules for yourself or others that lead to guilt or frustration when they aren’t met (e.g., "I should always succeed" or "They shouldn’t act that way").
9. **Labeling**: Assigning a broad, negative label to yourself or others based on one incident (e.g., "I’m a failure" instead of "I made a mistake").
10. **Personalization**: Blaming yourself for events outside of your control or assuming responsibility for others' problems (e.g., "It’s my fault they’re upset").
Recognizing these distortions is the first step in challenging and changing negative thought patterns.