01/18/2024
Here is an article I am having published in an Anababtist healh magazine. Of course, this is just for educaitonal and informational purposes only and not giving any medical advice.
Iron, Helpful and Potentially Harmful
By: Robert Miller, BTCN
As we all know, iron is an essential mineral found in the body. It plays a central role in many important processes in the body. These include oxygen transport and storage, assisting with immunity and contributing to enzyme systems.
The most important function of iron is to help oxygen be taken to the body by hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying pigment of your red blood cells. It is also involved in oxygen storage by myoglobin, an iron-containing protein that transports and stores oxygen within your muscles and releases it to meet increased metabolic demands during muscle contraction.
Your body needs iron to convert blood sugar to energy. As it boosts hemoglobin production it will increase the transport of oxygen to help reduce fatigue and tiredness. Also, the creation of enzymes that helps you make new cells, amino acids, hormones and neurotransmitters also depends on iron. No matter what your level of physical activity, your body needs iron to perform at its best.
Itâs not well known, but iron is vital for the creation of all cells including those of the immune system. Having enough iron in your system will help your immune system to function, helping you to be healthy. Interestingly, iron deficiency can contribute to not thinking very clearly.
And finally, iron supports the making of collagen, helps the hair to become vibrant and shiny and it also helps prevent the nails from becoming brittle and dry by keeping them strong and supple.
Our body does not produce iron; therefore, it must be absorbed by what you eat. Iron can be excreted in several ways including menstruation, urination, defecation, sweat and the exfoliation of dead skin cells. Iron deficiency is quite common and can cause a myriad of health concerns, but interestingly, too much iron â or when iron combines with hydrogen peroxide in what is called the Fenton Reaction, a very damaging molecule called a hydroxyl radical can be formed, thus resulting in significant inflammation and damage in the body.
But first, letâs look at the genomics and genetic mutations that may result in higher iron. As you will see in Figure 1, there is an enzyme called Ferroportin that is responsible for the absorption and cellular release of iron from the inside of a cell to the outside of the cell and is the only known iron exporter. Interestingly, there are genetic mutations on some of the Ferroportin genes that will cause excess absorption and transport, but there are others where the iron gets âstuckâ, so to speak, in the cells, and creates significant inflammation. A functional genetic test may help determine if you have these mutations, and whether itâs causing excessive absorption and transport, or potentially getting stuck inside the cells.
What a miracle the body is, and we have ways to regulate iron. We also make an enzyme called Hepcidin, (see Figure 1) which will slow the Ferroportin if the iron is getting too high. Hepcidin decreases the level of iron by reducing dietary absorption and inhibiting iron release from cellular storage when itâs too high. Hepcidin production increases when iron levels rise above the normal range.
However, there is another gene called HFE that makes the hepcidin that regulates the ferroportin. Genetic mutations in this HFE gene are most often the cause of what is called hereditary hemochromatosis where you absorb too much iron. You inherit one HFE gene from each of your parents. There are two HFE genes that are most common with over absorption of iron and are known as HFE H63D and HFE C282Y.
Genetic testing can reveal whether you have these mutations in your HFE gene. It is generally considered hemochromatosis when you inherit the mutation from both parents, but even one copy may moderately increase your iron levels.
In our health coaching clinic, we have been observing that when someone even has one HFE mutation, but also has the ferroportin mutations, they appear to be inflamed as a result of the iron. It appears that those with Northeastern European decent are more prone to having these mutations. Whatâs quite fascinating is that in times of famine, thee mutations may have been helpful, and its speculated that in times of famine, the women with this mutation were more likely to conceive children. However, with food readily available, and many processed foods being âfortifiedâ with iron, it is possible to get too much iron. So we can have too little or too much iron.
Some of the common symptoms of too much Iron is:
⢠Feeling very tired all the time (fatigue)
⢠Brain fog, mood swings, depression and anxiety.
⢠Weight loss.
⢠Weakness.
⢠Joint pain, especially in the fingers.
⢠An inability to get or maintain an er****on (erectile dysfunction)
⢠Irregular periods or stopped or missed periods.
However, itâs important to note there are many other conditions that can cause these symptoms, and it may not mean you have too much iron if someone experiences these symptoms.
An organization called Haemochromatosis UK (England) was founded as The Haemochromatosis Society in 1990, by people affected by genetic hemochromatosis. Their research has shown that men who have these HFE mutations are more likely to develop dementia, compared to those without the genetic mutations. Another one of their studies showed that patients with genetic haemochromatosis are at greatest risk of mental health issues, after experiencing Covid-19
The Fenton Reaction
So here is where iron can cause problems for you. As you look at Figure 2, you will observe that an enzyme called NOX, that is part of our immune response, makes a free radical called Superoxide. It simply takes oxygen and something called NADPH to make the superoxide radical. This can be used by our immune system for protection, but in excess can cause an issue. In future article, we will discuss the many ways we can make excess superoxide. As you look at the chart, you will note an antioxidant called SOD or Superoxide Dismutase, turns the superoxide into Hydrogen Peroxide. Here again, hydrogen peroxide can help kill pathogens, but in excess there is a problem. Again, looking at the chart you will note there are enzymes called Catalase, Thioredoxin and Glutathione that help turn this hydrogen peroxide in water and oxygen. Unfortunately, you can also inherit genetic mutations in these antioxidant enzymes, and as a result, they may not do their job as well as they should.
Then as a final result, hydrogen peroxide, in a process called the Fenton Reaction (Discovered by Dr. Fenton in 1895) combines with iron and creates what is called a hydroxyl radical, a very damaging free radical. However, in small concentrations, hydroxyl radicals can be employed to carry out hygienic functions against viruses, bacteria, allergens and mold in the body. However, in excess, these hydroxyl radicals attack the cell membrane, causing membrane damage and destroy sugar groups and DNA base sequences, possibly even causing cell death and mutations.
To reduce the chances of creating these damaging hydroxyl radicals we need adequate antioxidant enzymes, such as thioredoxin, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. These enzymes work together to neutralize and eliminate the hydroxyl radical and other harmful free radicals from the body. Unfortunately, we can inherit genetic mutations where we may not make enough of these.
After you know if you have genetic mutations on the iron absorbing genes, or weakness in catalase, glutathione or thioredoxin, there are specific nutrients that can slow the iron absorption, support the production of the antioxidants, or they can be supplemented.
If someone has excess iron, under a physicianâs guidance, blood donation may be helpful to reduce any excess iron. Other suggestions may be to not cook in iron cookware, and donât drink orange juice or take Vitamin C with foods, and they both may support excess iron absorption.
Although the Fenton Reaction and Hydroxyl Radicals may be damaging, in the next issue, we will discuss a process called Ferroptosis, where iron damages what is called lipids, and may create another set of health challenges.
A simple to do genetic test from saliva can help you determine if you have the genetic mutations in iron, or weakness in catalase, glutathione or thioredoxin.
About the Author
Bob Miller is a traditional naturopath, earning his degree from Trinity School of Natural Health, and is board certified through the American Association of Wellness Practitioners. He owns and operates Tree of Life Health in Ephrata, PA, 717-733-2003. www.tolhealth.com