05/13/2026
Hantaviruses are primarily spread through contact with infected rodents or their urine, droppings, saliva, or
nesting materials. When fresh rodent urine, droppings, or nesting materials are disturbed, virus particles can
become airborne. People may become infected by breathing in contaminated air. Infection can also occur if
contaminated materials come into contact with a cut in the skin or the eyes, nose, or mouth. One type of
hantavirus, Andes virus, has been associated with limited person-to-person transmission. Andes virus is found
in South America, and the rodents that carry Andes virus are not found in the United States. Symptoms of
Andes virus infection typically appear 4 to 42 days after exposure, and individuals are generally considered
infectious only while symptomatic.
Rodent control is the primary strategy for preventing hantavirus infection. Wild rodents should be excluded
from homes and controlled around human living areas. People should avoid contact with rodent urine,
droppings, saliva, and nesting materials. If evidence of mice or rats is present in or around a home, cleanup
should be done safely and in accordance with public health guidance.