10/25/2025
The Marshmallow Test: What Decades of Research Revealed
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, psychologist Walter Mischel and his colleagues at Stanford University conducted the Marshmallow Test. Preschool-aged children were offered one marshmallow immediately or two if they waited for about 15 minutes without eating the first.
Early follow-up studies suggested that children who waited longer tended to have better life outcomes, including higher academic achievement and SAT scores. These results were widely interpreted as evidence that self-control in early childhood predicts long-term success.
Today, the Marshmallow Test is understood as highlighting both individual self-regulation and environmental context—showing that the ability to delay gratification depends not only on willpower but also on trust, stability, and access to consistent resources.