Anchor & Arrow Therapy and Wellness for Kids

Anchor & Arrow Therapy and Wellness for Kids Pediatric occupational therapists working with infants/children with neurodevelopmental differences.

I don’t work in schools, but find a number of children who walk through my clinic doors struggle with this too. Like Kel...
03/08/2025

I don’t work in schools, but find a number of children who walk through my clinic doors struggle with this too. Like Kelsie, I try to help them find what their brains and bodies want and need to do and how.

03/01/2025

Building resilience isn’t pretty. It’s messy, hard, and it relies on learning how to tolerate frustration.

Frustration tolerance is one of life’s most essential skills. The more we can tolerate frustration, the more we can learn, the more we can struggle, the more we can take on challenges, the more we can bounce back from failure.

I talk to parents from all around the globe and they all want the same thing for their kids - they want their kids to be gritty and to take on challenges and to not give up when things get hard! And what I want parents to know that kids aren’t inherently born with the ability to do any of these things - but they can learn the skill that enables them to do all of them.

That skill? Frustration tolerance.

And if you’re thinking about how hard it is for us, as adults, to tolerate frustration… I’m right there with you. It’s more natural to look for a quick exit from our distress or a quick rescue from our struggle or a quick “quit” around our latest challenge.

Here’s the good news: we can learn, frustration tolerance skills too! It’s never too late.

Not sure how to play with your child? Check out “The Way of Play” ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️
02/02/2025

Not sure how to play with your child? Check out “The Way of Play” ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️

Most parents understand that free, unstructured playtime is great for children’s development. What they may not know is that playful interaction with parents...

Listening to the audiobook now💙💛
01/24/2025

Listening to the audiobook now
💙💛

Kids want and NEED their OWN power 💛
12/19/2024

Kids want and NEED their OWN power 💛

She is struggling. S t r u g g l i n g. This year is hard, hard, hard for so many reasons.

We haven’t been able to do everything I wish we could do, in OT every week, because we’re so busy putting out the emotional fire that’s raging constantly that we can’t even make progress in new skills. The slightest push feels like it would send her over the edge, and I can’t do that to her. I empathize too hard with that struggle, anyway. I tell myself that I’m being the one safe adult in her life…that if she doesn’t know anywhere else where she can let her guard down, she knows she can with me.

She comes to me ready to fight, because she’s been fighting all week.

She begs me to take some of my toys, some of my OT materials. I remind her that these things are for all the kids, that I can’t just give away my materials. She palms a pom-pom on her way out, thinking she’s hiding it from me. I don’t say anything, I let it go. She’s only 30 seconds out the door before she turns around and comes back in, presses it into my hand, the guilt is too much. “I accidentally forgot I was holding this, I’m sorry,” she tells me, and I accept a pom-pom and an apology and don’t push it even an inch further, and she still won’t stop apologizing. Her heart is so sweet. She’s just hurting.

She whispers an insult out of nowhere. It’s technically directed at me, but I also know it’s not really *at* me. “You’re trash. You’re trash.” When I don’t reply, she gets a little louder. “You’re trash. Ha-ha, you’re just trash.”

In as completely innocent and nonjudgmental of a tone of voice as I possibly can, I cheerfully ask, “Who are you talking to?”

Again she dissolves. “You’re not trash, I’m sorry, it was mean, I know you’re not trash.” I tell her that it’s okay, that I’m not hurt, I know I’m not trash. I want to ask her who’s saying this, that it was in the forefront of her mind, but her speedy, thoughtful brain is already on to telling me different things.

We play a game. She’s the one making up the game. She has four ponies and they go around the OT room and do different activities, and I follow her lead. She usually gives me half the animals. Today she holds one out— “Here, you can have purple”— and then snatches it back. “Ha-ha, you actually get nothing. You don’t even get any.”

“Oh, okay,” I say neutrally, trying to read the situation.

She deflates a little, to my eyes. I’m not sure what I should do. It’s so obvious that she’s dying for power in a situation when she has none all day long. But I thought I was giving her power, by agreeing, by letting her control the game. If I fought with her, she might feel fleetingly powerful, but she feels so guilty about being “mean” that I don’t think it would last. I’m not sure how to spin it so that she can “win” this scenario the way she so desperately needs to.

Then…

I lean in. I play.

I stage whisper conspiratorially. “Wait, when you say, ‘Ha-ha, you get nothing,’ do you want me to say, ‘oh, okay,’ or do you want me to say,” and I become extremely dramatic, “AWWW MAAAANNNN, I wish *I* had a pony! Pleeeeeaseeeeeee let me have just oooooone ponyyyyyyy!!!!”

She absolutely, completely, lights up. “I want you to say awww mannnn!”

“Okay,” I agree, and then give an Oscar-worthy performance of Therapist Who Desperately Wishes They Could Play With One Of The Ponies.

She’s laughing by the end of it, and offering me two of the toys. “Here, you have half of them. Let’s go, they have to crawl through the maze. Wait—no, I have to crawl through the maze and you have to go on the balance beam.”

I’m all set and ready to ask whether I’m supposed to agree with the balance beam or protest my being barred from the maze. She’s one step ahead of me. She gives me a smile. “And you just say ‘oh okay’. I don’t want you to say awww mannnn anymore. I just want to play.”

“Oh, okay,” I say, and me and my ponies go on the balance beam, and she crawls through the maze, with a little flicker of light—power—re-lit. With the feeling that some time today, she won, and she didn’t even have to be against me to do it.

***

Resources for further reading are in the comments. ❤

***

[Image description:

At the top of the image, it reads, “Rethinking Power Needs”, with the artist’s tag .

The rest of the image is various cartoony illustrations with captions.

There is a picture of a remote control, with an X on it. Its caption says, “Power is not like a remote control where only one person has all the power and control.”
Next to that is a picture of a candle being held in a hand and used to light other candles. It reads, “Power is like a candle. You can give a child power without giving away any of your own power.”

Next to that is a picture of a bucket full of water, with another X on it. “You don’t have a set amount of power, like a bucketful. There are ways to give a child power without losing any of your own.”

In the center of the image is a quote in larger letters: “Kids don’t want your power. They want their own.” The quote is by Richard LaVoie.

There is a drawing of a child with a thumbs-up. It reads, “When a student feels they have power with the adults as well as power within themselves, they’ll have less need to seek power over others.”

“A new understanding of power can help with this…” An arrow points to another quote. “See a child differently…see a different child” which is by Stuart Shankar.

At the bottom of the image are two lists, next to two more illustrations of candles. The first list is titled, “6 ways to help kids meet their power needs.”

1. Offer choice, not orders
2. Give responsibility
3. Start with strengths
4. Express interest rather than praise
5. Ask for their opinion
6. Ask for their help

The second list is titled, “6 points to remember.”
1. Avoid power struggles
2. Avoid making threats
3. Growing power needs are a healthy part of child development
4. Respect boundaries
5. The rules (not the adult) should be obeyed
6. Reflect on your own need for power and control

At the bottom of the image is one more quote, by Ross Greene: “The reality is that no one wins a power struggle.”
End image description.]

11/24/2024
This unpairing is something I work to help children accomplish through child-led sensorimotor play.
10/31/2024

This unpairing is something I work to help children accomplish through child-led sensorimotor play.

This happens all the time in my own home, though it looks somewhat different with older children, not all that much. THI...
10/31/2024

This happens all the time in my own home, though it looks somewhat different with older children, not all that much. THIS is true coregulation and DEVELOPMENT of emotional regulation. It's not something you can teach, it's something that develops inside of a safe relationship with a regulated other, often a grown-up.

My oldest child is incredibly good at independent play. My youngest strongly prefers a play partner. It makes a lot of sense, both from their personalities and from the fact that she’s never lived in a world without him around.

Recently, my oldest has been super interested in video games. This has been a big adjustment for Summer, my daughter, because it’s hard for her to figure out what to do with herself if her big brother doesn’t want to play with her right then.

We were having a cozy sleepy weekend, home all day both days, recuperating from holiday chaos and back-to-school transitions. My husband played with Summer for a long time. I played with Summer for a long time. I did some chores and she followed me, participating on and off. My husband did some chores and she followed him, participating on and off. She hung around with my son, watching him play a game. She and I watched a movie together, snuggled on the couch.

In the evening I sat in the room with them and was reading a book. Summer was doing front rolls on a mattress we have on the floor and she kept begging me “Watch me, watch me, watch me.” I watched her do front rolls for about ten minutes and then told her, “Okay, I’ll watch one more roll and then I’m going to read my book!”

I figured this would be disappointing for her. I was ready to support her through it, as I have been all day; as we all navigate this new transition in growing up.

I didn’t expect *how* hard it would be for her. She sat down on the floor and burst into tears. “I can’t roll without you watching me!”

I reassured her of several things: that she literally could keep rolling around if she wanted (i.e. that I wasn’t telling her that it was time for her to stop, or that she was being unsafe); that she was welcome to do something different if she wanted; that it was sad and hard sometimes to play by herself; and that I truly believed she was capable of it. I also invited her to come sit with me if she wanted, and read a book or do something else.

She continued crying about a lot of things, most of which I suspected were really just rooted in her wishing someone would actively hang out with her. For example, she insisted that her brother’s game was too loud and he needed to turn it down, so I reminded her of the same things I always remind everyone in our house when there’s a sensory mismatch: that she was welcome to put on headphones, or go to a different room, or close a door, or listen to music. She went through the motions of all of these things, still crying and insisting that no solution would work except him have to stop playing his game.

I empathised that I understood that she wished he would stop, but that he was allowed to play a game that made noise. I also understood that she really just wished he would stop and play with her. It might have felt in her body like noise was the problem, as her 4-year-old brain scrambled for logic to make sense of what she was feeling. I wasn’t going to tell her that her internal logic was wrong, which is why I kept talking her through the solutions. Someday, she *may* actually have a problem in our house with noise, and knowing the solutions is still helpful. I also empathetically explained my view of the situation, because to me, the logic of the situation seemed likely different than the one she was guessing at.

Things escalated. She began kicking toys around on the floor and screaming at her brother, so I put my earplugs in to keep my own nervous system safe, and picked her up and carried her to her room. I sat inside her room on the floor by the door while she wandered around her room screaming, crying, and kicking things. I didn’t say anything at all. In fact, I kept my eyes closed, because she’s very sensitive to feeling like she’s being “looked at” right now.

She told me, “Get away from me.” When she was younger she used to say, “Get out of my room.” Anytime I tried to actually leave her room while she was in this state of dysregulation, she would immediately begin sobbing, “Don’t get out of my room,” then when I came back in, she would sob, “Get out of my room,” and so on, in a loop.

Back then, I usually made a decision about what to do based on my own level of regulation. Did I need a breather in the hallway before going to sit with her, or was I okay to cope with her emotions as well as my own? Today, when she said “Get away from me,” I said, “Okay. I will be right over here by the door,” and stayed exactly where I was. I know that what she’s expressing is a conflict of two emotions, a feeling of push-pull. “Don’t see me when I’m in this state of pain, but don’t leave me alone in this state of pain!” It’s a tough thing for a 4 year old to hold.

I remind myself in my mind that I am safe and that everyone is okay. That crying in the presence of a supportive loved one is not dangerous, or bad.

Sometimes my brain reacts in a state of panic to child crying, especially child “whining”. My brain thinks subconsciously that this is making us unsafe, making the situation unsafe, that I need to stop it by any means possible. Ironically, this panicked state makes *me* the *cause* of a situation being unsafe. So, that’s why I remind myself in my head that there is nothing unsafe about my daughter crying. I am not in danger and she is not in danger. We are together and she is feeling an emotion, and I am here to be with her. I can see so much of myself in her. My heart panics and freaks out and flops around screaming when I feel like someone I love doesn’t want to hang out with me, too.

So I sit by the door with my eyes closed, taking deep breaths and focusing my attention inward into my own body on the breaths I’m taking.

“I don’t want to kick things,” she screams at me, while kicking things.

I take another deep breath and feel so powerfully empathetic in my body for how it felt to feel like your brain was screaming one thing at you and your body another. For all the times I’ve laid on the couch, utterly drained of all capacity to do anything other than grieve, with my brain screaming at me, “I don’t want to do this. I cannot possibly do this again.”

“I know you don’t, babe,” I say gently.

“I want to go downstairs,” she screams.

“I know. We will soon,” I say. I try not to put qualifiers on these things for right now. I try not to tell my kids, “when you x, we will y” because it so quickly slips into “we can’t y until you x” and other types of threats. I don’t want her brain to be yelling, “get your crap together, look like you’re calm so you can get out of here,” I would rather she feel angry at me for blocking her way while she’s deep in the grip of irrational raging emotions than to tell her, “when you calm down we will go downstairs”. At least that’s what I do right now when she’s 4. So I just said, “we will soon.”

She sits down on the floor and stared off into the distance for a few minutes. The violent waves of emotion that were crashing through her body and mind slowly wane with time.

She picks up some of her toys and brings them over near me, and sits down next to me for a few minutes without saying anything. I also don’t say anything. She picks up a pony and puts it in my hand, then picks up one of her own and makes it start talking to my pony.

After a couple of minutes of play, I make a suggestion. “What if we took these ponies downstairs to make a toy house out of the play mats?”, I suggest, thinking of an activity that would be 1) related to what she’s currently doing; 2) combined with another activity she likes doing (making houses); 3) novel (they haven’t ever made houses for ponies before); and 4) something she could eventually shift into doing independently when she was ready for me to be able to step away. She agreed eagerly so we took the ponies downstairs to make houses for them.

After a few minutes of pony houses, which expanded into ponies playing the piano keyboard, I stepped away to make dinner and listened to her playing independently in the other room. She would set the piano keyboard to play one of its pre-programmed songs and took the microphone and made the pony sing made-up lyrics to the tune of whatever the song was. I cut up bell peppers and chicken and listened to her sing “I was sad because my friends don’t want to play with me, it’s okay, I be your friend, we can play together, thanks, you have beautiful hair, it’s okay to feel sad sometimes,” between a couple of ponies, to a vague approximation of the tune of Für Elise.

[Image description:
A picture divided into a top blue half, and a bottom purple half, that reads:
“What people think “learning emotional regulation” is “supposed” to look like:
take a deep breath
do a yoga pose
point to a feeling on a feeling chart”
“What “learning emotional regulation” might actually be, when it’s child-led and play-based:
singing made-up songs about ponies being sad to play by themselves to the tune of Für Elise”
End description.]

10/31/2024
10/31/2024

Mona Delahooke, Ph.D. 🩵

Hard to read, harder to witness, hardest to admit you were once there too and believed this was acceptable practice. Kno...
10/29/2024

Hard to read, harder to witness, hardest to admit you were once there too and believed this was acceptable practice. Knowing what I know now, I am unable to slip back into this mindset and even more determined to help be the change to shift how we view and see children's "behaviors" and challenges.

“I want you to build a tower,” I say.

You agree, and you stand up to go get the bucket of blocks off the shelf.

I shake my head sternly. “No. Did I tell you you could get up? Sit down. Build a tower.”

You look confused. You point over at the bucket of blocks. It’s five feet away and on a reachable shelf, but you don’t have it in front of you now.

I sigh at your limited comprehension abilities. I take out a piece of paper to help me make a visual, and I draw you a little stick figure chart. “Look. First, make a tower. Then, stand up and walk. See? You have to make the tower first.”

You gesture at me about the absurdity of the situation you’re in. Pointing your hands downward like, “make a tower out of what???”

I point at the visual chart again, slowing my voice down like you’re a baby. “First, tower. Then, get up.”

You sit there and stare at me, waiting for me to figure out that you literally can’t.

I take out some stickers. “Come on. Make a tower and I’ll put a smiley face on your chart for the day! Don’t you want a smiley face?”

You DO want a smiley face but you literally don’t have the tools for the job! You have nothing with which to make a tower. You start to get angry.

I point at all of the others in the room. They all have a bucket of blocks right in front of them, and they’re all making a tower. “All your friends expect you to make a tower. You are behaving in an unexpected way and it’s making us uncomfortable.”

Weighing your options, you finally decide to stand up anyway and make a mad dash for the shelf. Maybe you can grab the bucket of blocks before I catch you? Maybe you can cobble together a tower in the few seconds you’ll have? Maybe that will help me understand?

But once you’re on your feet I’m yelling at you. Then I’m holding you down. Then I’m fighting you, hurting you, punishing you, calling you pathological and aggressive and defiant. I write in my report that I did all the right things and you did all the wrong ones.

The next day, I ask you to make a tower.

You still don’t have any blocks.

***

Constantly, CONSTANTLY, adults in positions of power over children (school, home, extracurricular activities) demand that children do things that they’re told to do, and use as a bribe or take away as a punishment the very resource that the child would actually need in order to do the thing that they’re told to do.

This was written specifically about the fact that Autistic children’s special interests are often used as a bribe, or with a first/then system, like, “first do this work, then you can play with your cars for three minutes,” or, “first do what I’m telling you, then you can have a ‘sensory break’.” What this ignores is that those are LITERALLY the vehicle by which their brain BECOMES able to do the work. The special interest is joy, delight, interest — neurologically speaking, it’s dopamine. And dopamine is actually, physically required in order to be able to initiate a task, and in order to be able to access the higher thinking resources required to do the task. Or the sensory tool is LITERALLY meeting the sensory need and requirement in the human being’s body that needs to be met in order for them to be able to access the higher thinking skills required to focus and attend to what they’re trying to do. But these things get taken and used by therapists or “therapists” or teachers or parents as if they are a reward, a bribe, an afterthought.

The special interest or the sensory tool are the “standing up and walking” over to the blocks, in the analogy story above. But the adult keeps getting mad that the child is trying to stand up and walk.

The child is doing whatever it takes to move toward dopamine or toward having their sensory needs met. And the adult is getting mad about the thing they’re doing to move in that direction.

That’s what this post was written about, but the analogy carries over into lots of other realms, too. Teachers take away recess — physical body movement — to punish kids for moving their bodies too much. They police children’s ability to talk to one another, the human innate social need to bounce ideas around with peers.

People are naturally, instinctually, really good at meeting their sensory needs. If they have a little extra energy or need a little extra proprioception in their legs and feet, they’ll bounce while they’re walking. If they are trying to keep their brain awake and moving in a slow-moving environment when they can feel themselves fading, they’ll reach out and fidget with something that’s in front of them. But watch a group of kids try to wiggle a little while they walk down a hallway or reach out and brush fingertips against something they’re walking past and as likely as not you’ll see an adult “correct” them (incorrectly, since telling them “stop it” does nothing to teach them how to channel it, only to suppress it til it explodes somewhere else).

The brain can’t even do the thing you’re asking it to do, without the resources it needs to do the thing. But kids start seeking out the resources, and get in trouble, and get hurt, and get punished, and the adults think, “I have done all the right things, and you have done all the wrong ones.”

The next day, the adult asks the child to get up and do it again.

And they still don’t have any “blocks”.

***
[Image description:
A brightly coloured red, yellow, pink, blue, and green cartoony block tower, with words on it that read in bold all-caps font, “I want you to build a tower”. End description.]

Regulated does not equal calm
10/26/2024

Regulated does not equal calm

I see children on my school OT caseload who are three, and four, and five, and six. They are behaving in all sorts of inconvenient ways for traditional schooling.

They touch things when they pass by them in the hallways. They stand up from chairs and move around the room, or they fall out of their chairs to the floor, or they pretend to drop a pencil and fall and chase after it. They play with anything on their desk and anything in their pencil box and anything they’re wearing and anything they can get their hands on. Their body knows that playing is how they *ought* to be learning.

When they are sad, they howl with sadness and throw themselves down. When they are happy they scream with delight or run around the room. When they are excited they are bursting out of their body with joy. When they are afraid they bolt from what it is that scares them, or tuck themselves under a desk, or weep. Their body is feeling and they are listening to those feelings.

The adults want them to be calm, calm, calm. To use their calm voices and be big kids and not disrupt class and follow the rules.

I see children on my school OT caseload who are eleven, and twelve, and thirteen. They don’t know how to talk about what they are feeling. They don’t know how to make their brain wander back from wherever it has wandered off to, to learn from a lecture. They know how to keep their hands still, and walk in a line, and be unobtrusive in class.

They know how to ignore what they’re feeling to earn an arbitrary reward or avoid an arbitrary punishment from an adult. They don’t know what they are feeling. They don’t know why they react so explosively when they are angry, or why their mind goes into a panic when they deviate from routine. They don’t have the words for it. They don’t have the tools to cope with it. But they know how to look convenient and quiet and calm. Most of the time.

Bodies aren’t always calm. Calm isn’t always best. Calm isn’t the same thing as regulated.

[Image description: Title text reads, “A regulated nervous system doesn’t look like this or this…” The first item is a straight line, labeled “Always calm”. The second item is a line with long-lasting peaks and valleys, labelled “lots of highs and lots of lows. Then it says “But this…” and shows a sine wave, with recurring, regular hills and valleys. It says, “Regulation simply means having the capacity to move in and out of stress while still being able to return to ‘baseline’ with ease.” The image was made by . End description.]

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5600 Kentshire Drive, Suite 206
Kettering, OH
45440

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Tuesday 8am - 8pm
Wednesday 8am - 8pm
Thursday 8am - 8pm
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