11/22/2023
Fatty liver disease without significant alcohol consumption was previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This has now changed to “metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease” (MASLD). As the name implies, fatty liver in MASLD is related to metabolic dysfunction. This is a chronic liver disease that may be associated with diabetes, high blood pressure and elevated cholesterol levels. The estimated worldwide prevalence of fatty liver not associated with alcohol is around 38% in adults and 10% among children and adolescents. Fatty liver is a manifestation of this metabolic dysfunction and people affected are more likely to be affected by cardiovascular conditions such as heart disease and more likely to be pre-diabetic or have diabetes. The main treatment is a healthy lifestyle with consumption of a diet rich in fruits, nuts, whole grains, seeds, and fish. The foods to avoid include ultra-processed food, red meat, sugar sweetened drinks, and fried foods. A 3-month vegetarian diet has been shown to reduce fatty liver. Similarly, a freshwater fish diet has been shown to improve fatty liver as compared with patients who consumed a combination of freshwater fish-based and red meat-based diets. Overall, both studies have shown that red meat should be minimized or avoided. Physical activity 3-5x per week for at least 30 minutes can help reverse this condition. Our clinic is now offering Fibroscan which is a non-invasive modality which can help assess for liver fat content and fibrosis.
1. Younossi, Z.M. et al. Lifestyle interventions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 20, 708–722 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-023-00800-4
2. Garousi N. et al. Effects of lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet vs. standard-weight-loss diet on obese and overweight adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised clinical trial. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2023 Dec;129(4):975-983. doi: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1890128.