10/28/2024
National Physical Therapy Month
How Physical Therapy Can Help Sciatica & Lower Back Pain
Anyone who’s ever had sciatica knows how debilitating it can be. You may believe that crawling in bed and resting for a few days is the best treatment, but that can be counterproductive. One of the most effective ways to relieve your back and leg pain is physical therapy that includes gentle exercise, like stretching.
A physical therapist can guide you through exercises that will keep sciatica and lower back pain at bay. Movement may seem counterintuitive when you’re in excruciating pain but physical therapy is usually the best treatment for sciatica.
What is sciatica?
The sciatic nerve is the longest and widest single nerve in your body. It begins with five nerves in the lower back that join to form one nerve that branches through the pelvic bone. From there, it travels down the back of each buttock and thigh to the back of the knee, ending in the heel area of each leg. The sciatic nerve provides motor function to the abductor muscles in the hips, the muscles in the front of your lower leg and calf, and some muscles in your foot.
When the sciatic nerve becomes inflamed and painful, it’s referred to as sciatica. Sciatica is a type of lower back pain, but not all lower back pain is sciatica. The cause of inflammation is usually pressure on the nerve from a bulging disc, overgrowth of bone, pregnancy, muscle spasms, degenerative diseases like spinal stenosis, or an injury. The inflamed nerve causes pain and sometimes numbness and tingling anywhere along its path. In severe cases, a person with sciatica can also experience leg weakness and bowel or bladder changes.
How physical therapy treats sciatica
With sciatica, resting can be counterproductive. Stretching and strengthening the nerves, muscles, and joints causing the pain, as well as education on posture and positioning, may help to decrease pressure on the nerve and thereby reduce pain. That’s why physical therapy can be of great benefit in relieving sciatica.
Your sciatica rehabilitation program may include:
• Backward bending (extension) and forward bending (flexion) exercises to promote movement of the spine.
• Manual therapy techniques to reduce nerve compression
• Exercises to strengthen the abdomen, lower back, spine, hips or legs and supporting muscles or tendons. This may include isometric or isotonic exercises.
• “Nerve glides” (nerve stretching exercises) to increase movement and reduce symptoms
• Joint mobilization or manipulation
• Gait training to correct walking patterns that may contribute to sciatica
• Hands-on movement of the leg, hips and back to facilitate movement of the muscles and joints contributing to the pain.
• Posture and lifestyle modifications
• Home exercise program
• Massage