01/25/2026
How Exercise Talks to Your Body & Brain 🏋️♂️🧠💪
Exercise isn’t just moving muscles...it turns them into endocrine powerhouses that signal your brain, bones, and metabolism. Here’s what really happens:
1. Lactate – the fuel & brain booster
High-intensity lifting or cardio → lactate produced in muscle → circulates → crosses BBB
Fuels neurons and activates BDNF, promoting learning, memory, and plasticity
Brain also makes its own lactate locally, so benefits don’t rely solely on muscle
2. IGF-1 – the growth & repair messenger
Exercise ↑ circulating IGF-1 (mostly liver, partially muscle-mediated)
Crosses BBB → supports neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and cognition
In muscle and bone, IGF-1 promotes growth, repair, and bone strength
3. BDNF – the master neurotrophin
Muscle makes BDNF, but mostly local effects (fat oxidation, muscle metabolism)
Exercise-induced brain BDNF rises from neuronal production, triggered by myokines & lactate
Key for neuroplasticity and brain health
4. Irisin & Cathepsin B – messengers from muscle
Released during exercise → circulate → trigger brain BDNF gene expression
Also help convert white fat to brown fat, enhancing fat burning
5. IL-6 – the regulated inflammatory signal
Pulsatile IL-6 from muscle → anti-inflammatory signaling
Supports insulin sensitivity, metabolism, and brain plasticity
Not the same as chronic inflammation
6. Bone & musculoskeletal health
Resistance exercise and weight-bearing activity stimulate:
Bone remodeling via mechanical stress and IGF-1
Muscle hypertrophy & repair
Protection against sarcopenia (muscle aging) and frailty
7. Metabolism & fat burning
Muscle contraction + myokines → ↑ lipid oxidation
Irisin, lactate, and AMPK signaling → convert fat for fuel
Exercise improves insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles, lowering diabetes and cardiovascular risk
8. Putting it all together
Exercise triggers a network of signals:
Muscle → myokines & metabolites
Circulation → brain, fat, bone
Brain → BDNF, plasticity, neuroprotection
Metabolism → fat burning, glucose control
Bones & muscles → strength, repair, aging resilience
💡Takeaway: Exercise is a full-body communication system. Muscles don’t just move...they talk to your brain, bones, fat, and metabolism to keep you sharper, stronger, and healthier as you age.
If you want to learn more about the benefits of exercise check out my book WIN amzn.to/3yZgRcq
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