08/09/2021
Crawling, in general, is so important for babies to explore their environment, which is how they learn. Crawling helps them explore new things within a timely manner. But why do therapists say it is so important to crawl on hands and knees instead of the many other types of crawling? Bottom scooting, army crawling, or other types of unique crawling patterns allow infants to access their environments. However, these patterns do not provide all of the benefits that crawling on hands and knees provides.
Crawling on your hands and knees does many things to help promote development of other gross motor skills. It strengthens the shoulder girdle, helps to develop the arches of the hand, and stretches out ligaments in the wrist and hand needed for fine motor skills. These changes help support the child as they begin to do more things with their upper extremities, such as pushing to stand, climbing, and, later, handwriting skills. Crawling on hands and knees also assists with strengthening the back extensor muscle group. Strength in these muscles is crucial for standing balance and control with walking.
Alternating movements occur when crawling on hands and knees, which helps the body learn to move in a “reciprocal” pattern. Humans walk in a reciprocal way, meaning their arm swings forward as they advance the leg on the opposite side. Crawling in this way will help with the transition to walking. This type of movement also makes both sides of the brain communicate, promoting cognitive development1. Crawling on hands and knees may also help develop body scheme, motor planning, visual perception, and eye-hand coordination.
Some infants may choose to bottom scoot because hands and knees crawling can be difficult. The human body wants to use the least amount of energy and get the most amount of movement for it. If the child has difficulty maintaining hands and knees, they may choose a more stable posture to access their environment.
Crawling in different ways can lead to decreased hip and core strength, muscle length abnormalities, and hip range of motion restrictions in the future.