03/09/2026
TMJD (Temporomandibular Joint Disorder) refers to pain and dysfunction in the jaw joint (TMJ) and its surrounding muscles, causing symptoms like jaw pain, clicking/popping, headaches, earaches, difficulty chewing, and limited jaw movement, often due to stress, teeth grinding (bruxism), injury, or arthritis, with treatments focusing on pain relief through relaxation, physical therapy, mouthguards, and sometimes addressing underlying causes like poor posture or stress.
Symptoms
• Pain: Aching, sharp, or throbbing pain in the jaw joint, face, neck, shoulders, or around the ear.
• Sounds: Clicking, popping, or grating sounds when opening or closing the mouth.
• Movement Issues: Jaw stiffness, locking, or difficulty moving the jaw fully.
• Other: Headaches, ear pressure, sensitive teeth, and changes in bite alignment.
Primary muscles involved in TMJ disorders
• Masseter: Closes the jaw and is located on the outside of the jaw.
• Temporalis: Elevates the jaw, moves it side to side, and is located on the side of the head near the temples.
• Medial pterygoid: Closes the jaw, and is located on the inside of the jaw.
• Lateral pterygoid: Helps open the jaw, moves it side to side, and protrudes it forward.
Other affected muscles
• Sternocleidomastoid (SCM):
Muscles on the sides of the neck that can cause pain that refers to the jaw and head.
• Neck, back, and shoulder muscles:
Poor posture caused by TMJ issues can strain muscles in these areas, leading to pain.