05/05/2021
Low Vagal Tone and Cognitive Impairment
If you asked me 5 years ago what the vagus nerve does, I would say: "it's a cranial nerve that helps us poop...oh and I think it is number 10 or something."
If you ask me now what the vagus nerve does, I would say: "ha, what does it NOT do??"
The vagus nerve has so many important health functions that when health starts to decline, assessing vagal nerve function (in my opinion) should be at the top of the checklist.
I have been lucky enough to chat with Dr. Stephen Porges a few times on the page regarding The Polyvagal Theory. The work and research he has done really provides a whole new perspective and insight on how important the vagal system is.
Although the vagus nerve starts out as very primitive and reflexive, as it becomes more mature, it becomes myelinated, taking on new roles and important communication patterns with the brain and body. Balance between our sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest) nervous system is one important role.
"Vagal tone" is a term used to describe the activity of the vagus nerve. Low vagal tone has been associated with low heart rate variability, gastrointestinal disorders, increased inflammation and increased sympathetic activity. High vagal tone has been associated with the opposite....basically greater health and well being.
In conditions where stress is chronically high, pain is elevated and inflammation is running rampant, we loss the flexibility of the vagal system to communicate with the brain to calm things down. It also doesn't help that during these times, we can also lose control in important brain areas, such as the prefrontal cortex, to override these stressful events to bring things back to balance.
It makes sense then that when vagal tone is low, HRV is low and the prefrontal cortex is not firing on all cylinders, cognitive impairment can occur.
In fact, a study from 2012 titled Reduced Cardiac Vagal Modulation Impacts on Cognitive Performance in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome showed that there is an association between reduced cardiac vagal tone and cognitive impairment in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS).
"Although reports on the extent of neuropsychological dysfunction in CFS vary considerably, our finding of slowed response speed concurs with the most consistent outcomes in the literature and suggests a generalized difficulty to concentrate and focus attention. Thus while patients with CFS were able to perform at a comparable level of accuracy to healthy control participants, this was achieved at the expense of response speed. The subjective ratings of greater effort required to perform these tasks also confirmed that performance accuracy came at a cost for these patients."
So how can we improve vagal tone to help build a better brain?
There are lots of ways to do this and clinically, there are a lot of cool, new devices to help improve vagus nerve function, but you don't have to have them to get started:
1. Humming, singing, chanting
2. Cold exposure
3. Meditation and focused breathing
4. Positive social interaction
Remember, the better the vagal tone, the better the brain!
Full post with links: https://thebrainchat.com/brain-chat-blog/f/low-vagal-tone-and-cognitive-impairment