05/30/2025
A pathologic complete response or “pCR” is defined as the absence of invasive cancer in the breast and lymph nodes at the time of surgery, AKA the best news you can give a breast cancer patient who just finished chemotherapy!
Lately, I’ve had several pathology reports showing pCRs in my patients.
You may be wondering why this is important and why do we even give chemotherapy prior to surgery?
A patient’s cancer stage at diagnosis (tumor size and lymph node status) and tumor receptor status (ER/PR/HER2) help determine if they are a candidate to receive chemotherapy before having surgery, known as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The goal in giving aggressive medical treatment before surgery is to attempt to shrink and downstage the tumor, allowing for a smaller and more successful surgery, while monitoring the in vivo response to therapy of the tumor. Certain aggressive cancers respond very well to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, specifically “triple negative” (ER-/PR-/HER2-) and “HER2+” tumors. For these tumors, a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy can produce up to a 50-70% pCR rate, meaning that at the time of surgery there is no viable tumor seen within the breast tissue or lymph nodes. Instead, we just find fibrosis and scar tissue, where there was previously cancer seen. These patients are often spared a full axillary dissection and mastectomy patients with a pCR can now safely omit radiation therapy. This will result in lower rates of lymphedema and side effects from surgery. None of this would be possible without the clinical trials that proved these treatments to be successful! This is why it is so important to keep moving the needle forward when it comes to breast cancer research. Treatments continue to improve, leading to better outcomes and less surgical side effects for our patients.
Happy patients=happy doctors! Happy Friday!