Medicine and surgery

Medicine and surgery Exploring the world of medicine and surgery with clarity and purpose.

Designed to help students and clinicians understand key concepts, sharpen clinical thinking, and stay inspired on the medical journey.

Yes :  there is evidence that energy drinks can negatively affect both heart health and sexual health if consumed excess...
02/12/2026

Yes : there is evidence that energy drinks can negatively affect both heart health and sexual health if consumed excessively

In this eye opening video, we break down the hidden effects of energy drinks on your heart health and libido in simple language anyone can understand. Many p...

02/10/2026

A 6-year-old boy presents with 10 hours of abdominal pain that started around the belly button and moved to the right lower quadrant. He has mild nausea, two episodes of vomiting, and a low-grade fever. Exam shows tenderness at McBurney’s point, mild guarding, and a positive Rovsing’s sign. Labs reveal mild leukocytosis and elevated CRP; urinalysis is normal.

Which is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Gastroenteritis
B) Acute appendicitis
C) Mesenteric adenitis
D) Constipation

02/09/2026

A 26-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of irregular menstrual cycles for the past 8 months. She reports that her periods occur every 2–3 months. She also notices increased facial hair and occasional acne. She has been trying to conceive for a year without success. She does not take any medications.

Examination: BMI: 32 (obese), Blood pressure: 120/80 mmHg
Mild hirsutism on upper lip and chin, Acne on the forehead and cheeks, Abdomen: soft, non-tender, no masses, Pelvic exam: normal external genitalia

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Hypothyroidism
B) Hyperprolactinemia
C) Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
D) Premature ovarian failure

Shout out to our newest followers! Excited to have you onboard! Madhumita Biswas, Enock Mogaka, Okoli Izuchukwu Kizimari...
02/05/2026

Shout out to our newest followers! Excited to have you onboard! Madhumita Biswas, Enock Mogaka, Okoli Izuchukwu Kizimario, Karuana Yvonne, तारा जोशि, David Wamburi, Charles Mun Kutin, Kagwe Mauricious, Elma Orlić, Abshir Nur Ali, Mo Nay, Saif Rahaman, Tatenda Mamombe, Ram Kumar, Maria Wlehdi Nmah, Aluna Augustine, Kamary Rugush, Bringstone Lwimba, Thairu Jay, Fahari Furnishings Finishings, Abdul Nyondo, Mlbb GamingHaven, Shiko Dee, Kipkirui Ngenoh, Dalton Wasonga, Kiura Serah, Shēikh Abdirāzzāk Lēøø, Heather Suzanne Falconer Franks, Denise Mc Olawo, Nurses Kurdish, Joel Oluwabukunmi Hephzibah, Späñky Søñïï, Vanessa Mdee, Ethiopian Africa Eco, Ma Riah, Mohaz Sxb, Himanshu Kumar, George Havells, Costi Cious, Mac Muga, Daniel Mwangi, Patricia Wilson, IG Ndah Moh, Esther Ifunaya, Isaac Shedrack, Elizabeth Ajoke, Olawale Oladosu, Sangita Singh

Thanks for being a top engager and making it on to my weekly engagement list! 🎉 Therry Letshela, IG Ndah Moh, Amos Pulis...
02/03/2026

Thanks for being a top engager and making it on to my weekly engagement list! 🎉 Therry Letshela, IG Ndah Moh, Amos Pulisic, Zaharaddin Abubakar, Auwali Abubakar, Sayyada Zainab, Maguy Debest, तारा जोशि, Mazoo M. Mooketsi, Daniel Mwangi

A 30-year-old complains of intense itching at night. On exam, there are burrows in the web spaces of fingers and flexura...
02/03/2026

A 30-year-old complains of intense itching at night. On exam, there are burrows in the web spaces of fingers and flexural areas.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Eczema
B. Scabies
C. Impetigo
D. Tinea corporis

Image suggestion: Close up of interdigital burrows

A 32-week pregnant woman presents with painless bright red vaginal bleeding. She has no contractions, and the uterus is ...
02/03/2026

A 32-week pregnant woman presents with painless bright red vaginal bleeding. She has no contractions, and the uterus is soft. Ultrasound shows placenta covering the cervical os.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Placental abruption
B. Placenta previa
C. Uterine rupture
D. Ectopic pregnancy

Image suggestion: Ultrasound showing placental position

A 6-month-old male infant presents with projectile, non-bilious vomiting after every feed. On exam, a palpable “olive” i...
02/03/2026

A 6-month-old male infant presents with projectile, non-bilious vomiting after every feed. On exam, a palpable “olive” is felt in the right upper quadrant.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Intussusception
B. Pyloric stenosis
C. GERD
D. Hirschsprung disease

Image suggestion: Ultrasound showing thickened pylorus

A 50 year old long term smoker presents with intermittent painless blood in his urine for 2 weeks. No fever or dysuria.W...
02/03/2026

A 50 year old long term smoker presents with intermittent painless blood in his urine for 2 weeks. No fever or dysuria.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Urolithiasis
B. Bladder cancer
C. Urethritis
D. Prostatic hypertrophy

Image suggestion: Ultrasound showing irregular bladder mass

A 40-year-old presents with sudden severe epigastric pain radiating to the back. CT abdomen shows peripancreatic fat str...
02/03/2026

A 40-year-old presents with sudden severe epigastric pain radiating to the back. CT abdomen shows peripancreatic fat stranding.

A. Acute pancreatitis
B. Gastric ulcer
C. Cholecystitis
D. Bowel obstruction

Image suggestion: CT showing peripancreatic fat stranding

A 28-year-old woman has butterfly-shaped malar rash, oral ulcers, and joint pain.A. RosaceaB. Systemic lupus erythematos...
02/03/2026

A 28-year-old woman has butterfly-shaped malar rash, oral ulcers, and joint pain.

A. Rosacea
B. Systemic lupus erythematosus
C. Dermatomyositis
D. Seborrheic dermatitis

Image suggestion: Facial malar rash

A 65-year-old man presents with sudden-onset severe chest pain radiating to the back. Chest X-ray shows widened mediasti...
02/03/2026

A 65-year-old man presents with sudden-onset severe chest pain radiating to the back. Chest X-ray shows widened mediastinum. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Pulmonary embolism

B. Aortic dissection

C. Myocardial infarction

D. Pneumothorax

Image suggestion: Chest X-ray with widened mediastinum

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