Hudson Ambulatory Medical

05/05/2026

General anesthesia enables safe and humane surgical care by inducing unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and immobility. Despite its long clinical history, how anesthetic drugs act across the brain and central nervous system remains a subject of neuroscience research.

Recent approaches have become an important tool for describing the pharmacokinetics and dynamical effects of propofol in brain circuits...

04/07/2026

Vagal responses during gastrointestinal (GI) procedures are transient autonomic reflexes involving increased parasympathetic (vagal) activity. They lead to bradycardia, hypotension, and associated symptoms, such as diaphoresis, nausea, and presyncope.

Management of vagal responses during gastrointestinal (GI) procedures relies on early recognition and prompt intervention. Continuous...

03/03/2026

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) refers to a decrease in memory capacity, attention span, and thinking ability that can occur after surgery. Unlike temporary confusion immediately after anesthesia, POCD may last weeks or even months and can interfere with independence and quality of life.

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) refers to a decrease in memory capacity, attention span, and thinking ability that can occur...

02/02/2026

Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common and often debilitating complication of spinal or epidural procedures involving dural puncture. It typically results from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, which leads to decreased intracranial pressure and traction on the meninges (which are very sensitive).

Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common and often debilitating complication of spinal or epidural procedures involving dural puncture. It […]

01/05/2026

The 2025 consensus guidelines for difficult airway management represent a significant advancement in patient safety and clinical decision-making.

The 2025 consensus guidelines for difficult airway management represent a significant advancement in patient safety and clinical...

07/07/2025

Body Mass Index (BMI) is one of the most commonly used measurements in healthcare, including in anesthesiology. Although it does not present a complete explanation of a patient’s health, modern use of BMI helps anesthesiologists assess risks, plan dosing, and make important decisions about how to manage a patient’s anesthesia care before, during, and after surgery.

Body Mass Index (BMI) is one of the most commonly used measurements in healthcare, including in anesthesiology. BMI allows healthcare […]

06/04/2025

The tourniquet is a commonly used device in the operating room (OR), particularly in orthopedic and vascular surgeries involving the limbs. While the use of a tourniquet can enhance surgical precision and reduce blood loss, it also introduces specific physiological effects and potential complications that must be carefully managed by the surgical and anesthesia teams.

The tourniquet is a commonly used device in the operating room (OR), particularly in orthopedic and vascular surgeries involving the limbs.

02/03/2025

Intubation is a medical procedure in which a tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway, assist with breathing, and potentially deliver anesthesia.

Intubation is a medical procedure in which a tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway, assist … Continue reading "Are You Conscious During Intubation?"

12/17/2024

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have quickly become an essential tool in managing type 2 diabetes. These drugs mimic the natural GLP-1 hormone by enhancing insulin secretion from the pancreas. In addition, their ability to improve glycemic control, promote weight loss, and provide cardiovascular benefits has increased their popularity among the general population. Available as daily and weekly formulations, these drugs present distinct pharmacological profiles that have implications for perioperative care, particularly concerning gastric emptying and glycemic management.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have quickly become an essential tool in managing type 2 diabetes.

11/22/2024

Adjuvants are medications that are added to local anesthetics to enhance the efficacy of nerve blocks. These agents, when combined with local anesthetics, can improve the onset, intensity, and duration of nerve blocks, providing better pain control during and after surgeries. Adjuvants can also help reduce the required dose of anesthetics, thus minimizing potential side effects. The comparison and selection of adjuvants for nerve blocks depends on the duration and level of analgesia needed, drug availability, and anesthesiologist preference.

Adjuvants can improve the onset, intensity, and duration of nerve blocks, providing better pain control during and after surgeries.

10/03/2024

Emergence delirium in pediatric patients is a common and distressing phenomenon that occurs during the immediate recovery period after general anesthesia.