01/03/2026
Developmental trauma refers to the psychological and physiological impact of chronic or repeated adverse experiences during a child’s early years—especially those that occur within relationships that are supposed to provide safety and care (e.g., with parents or caregivers).
Key Features of Developmental Trauma:
Occurs during critical developmental stages: Typically in infancy, early childhood, or adolescence, when the brain and emotional regulation systems are still forming.
Relational in nature: Often stems from abuse, neglect, abandonment, or inconsistent caregiving by primary attachment figures.
Chronic and cumulative: Unlike single-incident trauma (like a car accident), developmental trauma tends to be ongoing and multi-layered.
Impact:
Neurological: Alters brain development, especially in areas related to stress response, attachment, and emotion regulation.
Psychological: Increases risk of anxiety, depression, PTSD, personality disorders, and difficulties with identity and self-worth.
Behavioral and relational: Can result in attachment disorders, aggression, dissociation, or problems with trust and intimacy.
Developmental trauma is often described in contrast to shock trauma, which is caused by a specific overwhelming event, and it may not always meet the criteria for PTSD despite having deep and lasting effects.
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