03/11/2021
The Confederate capital at Richmond was home to the Montgomery Guard (Co C, 1st Regiment of Virginia Volunteers), organized from the city's Irish immigrant population in 1850. In July 1859, the Montgomery Guard set aside its traditional green dress and adopted the 1st Virginia's new regimental uniform: black dress caps, gray frock coats with black trim, gray pants, white belts and Captain George Horner, 1st Virginia Infantry Battalion ("Irish Battalion"), wears a gray overcoat and a forage cap gray overcoats. The fatigue uniform included gray kepis with black bands and gray nine-button jackets with black trim. The Montgomeries retained the green uniform for special occasions, and wore it when they paraded on St Patrick's Day, 1861. They also displayed their flag, the "stars and stripes, the first in a ground work of green surrounding the harp of Erin." The Montgomery Guard's former Captain Patrick T. Moore, a native of County Galway, commanded the 1st Virginia at First Bull Run, where the company was conspicuous in helping blunt a Federal advance at Blackburn's Ford on July 18, 1861. At this time, the 1st Virginia probably wore a mixture of the regiment's gray frock coats and fatigue jackets, the Montgomeries in black 1858 dress hats ("Jeff Davis" hats). This clothing was soon in need of replacement, and in October the regiment received the familiar gray shell jackets that became so common among Confederate troops.
Like the Emerald Guards (Co. E. 33rd Virginia Infantry), the 1st Virginia Infantry Battalion (Irish Battalion) was another command that had disciplinary problems. Four of the battalion's five companies were Irish, formed in Richmond, Norfolk, Alexandria, Covington and Lynchburg. After Major David B. Bridgford took over of the unit, the discipline improved, and the Irish Battalion discovered its forte - as the Army of Northern Virginia's provost guard, rounding up stragglers and guarding prisoners. The battalion did such a commendable job in its new assignment that it redeemed itself and earned a new reputation - as the "Irish cops" of the Confederacy.