10/25/2024
Day #5
As if I’m being punished for doing something other than lecture yesterday (in addition to disrespecting Akron, Ohio), I don’t have any interesting photos for you today. Well, that’s not entirely true…. On my lunch break I did go to the local market off the main square to seek out some presents for the wife and kids (shh, don’t tell) and snagged a picture.
The first and last time I was in Santa Fe was 24 years ago, on a cross country trip after graduating from college. One of my few memories from passing through is of visiting this same market in the square. Never could I imagine that I would return a quarter of a century later — married with two kids, cured of acne, with my own medical practice — shopping for presents, maybe even from one of the same vendors I saw back then.
The longer I live, the more convinced I am that we can never leave a place knowing for sure it’s our last visit until our visit on earth ends. And some would say, not even then….
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EYE
- Ocular coherence tomography is like ultrasound, but uses light.
- Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD): Biggest risk factor is age. Leading cause of blindness in those 65 years old and older. The macula is a very metabolically active area. Starts with a decline in the choroid, which supports the macular cells. Drusen (waste products) starts to build up. Starts with dry phase; 90% stay dry. Most vision loss occurs with wet form. Anti-VEGF injections claw back some visual acuity, but mostly prevent further loss.
- Diabetic retinopathy: Non-proliferative and proliferative. Starts with yellow and red spots. When vision loss occurs, due to macular edema. Laser treatments are designed to damage the peripheral retina to reduce the oxygen demand and prevent new blood vessel formation, which protects the central vision.
- Glaucoma: Damage to the optic nerve. Rest of the eye is often healthy. Primary open angle is the most common and is usually asymptomatic other than vision loss.
- Dry eyes: Use eye drops that have oil in them. Flaxseed or fish oil orally can help. Brands of OTC eye drops: Restorative, Soothe XP, Systane Balance, Systane Complete, Refresh Optive Advance.
RHEUM
- "Diagnostic tests" in Rheum more frequently provide more prognostic than diagnostic information. For instance, in rheumatoid arthritis a higher RF is associated with a worse outcome.
- ESR is driven by globulin and fibrinogen.
- CRP tends not to rise in lupus.
- CRP not affected by age, gender, pregnancy, or smoking.
- For rheumatoid arthritis, RF can be a false positive.
- It would be very unusual to have lupus with a negative ANA.
- Start colchicine for a gout flare within 36 hours, if possible.
- Check HLA-B*801 before starting allopurinol in someone from African or Asian descent.
- In rheumatoid arthritis, extra-articular disease can indicate cervical spine disease. Can get subluxation at C1-C2.
- Of people with psoriasis, 15-30% can have psoriatic arthritis.
- Parvovirus B19 (erythema infectiosum, aka Fifth Disease) is an important mimic of rheumatoid arthritis. Kids may have a "slapped cheek" rash. Resolves within 4-6 weeks.
- The muscle enzyme aldolase may rise before CK. Aldolase can be a tip-off for connective tissue-associated interstitial lung disease and eosinophilic fasciitis.
- Hydroxychloroquine should be started in all patients with lupus to reduce the risk of major organ damage.
- Rheumatoid arthritis: Start with methotrexate monotherapy.
DERM
- Steroids for the eyelids: hydrocortisone 2.5%, alclometasone 0.05%, tacrolimus 0.03%, and -- if really bad -- triamcinolone 0.1% for a few weeks.
- Fluocinolone 0.1% oil safe for face and body.
- Mometasone 0.1% or fluocinonide 0.05% for "hot spots," where the skin is thicker.
- Imiquimod: Less effective, reaction is unpredictable, and can be severe. Instead use fluorouracil 5%. Twice a day for 2 weeks. If use with calcipotriene, reduce duration to 1 week.
- The vast majority of melanomas are flat.
- Melanonychia