08/29/2024
American Journal of Physiology (Volume 317, Number 2, July 29, 2019)
Women and CVD (cardiovascular disease). CVD is the leading cause of death in women, following menopause there is a rise in CVD risk factors. A quick anatomy lesson. The artery is composed of a muscular layer a middle layer an a inner layer. The middle layer is where calcium can accumulate. The muscle responds to tightness. The inner layer makes nitrous oxide that relaxes the artery.
The estrogen receptors that recognize and respond to estrogen ,particularly to estradiol. (The most abundant estrogen molecule.)
The receptor declines in function over time and becomes less active without estrogen and eventually unresponsive. This may suggest early and continuous estrogen replacement.
The loss of estrogen receptor function may explain the increase of CVD in older women and little estrogen.